Author
Steven M. Holland
Other affiliations: University of Chicago, Pennsylvania State University
Bio: Steven M. Holland is an academic researcher from University of Georgia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Chronic granulomatous disease & Facies. The author has an hindex of 73, co-authored 255 publications receiving 17964 citations. Previous affiliations of Steven M. Holland include University of Chicago & Pennsylvania State University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex allows phagocytes to rapidly convert O2 to superoxide anion which then generates other antimicrobial reactive oxygen intermediates, such as H2O2, hydroxyl anion, and peroxynitrite anion.
837 citations
TL;DR: A large number of cytokines signal through the JAK–STAT pathway, and normal function of this pathway may lead to a variety of diseases.
Abstract: A large number of cytokines signal through the JAK–STAT pathway. Abnormal function of this pathway may lead to a variety of diseases. Targeting the defects in this signaling pathway has already led to treatment advances, and further advances are likely.
707 citations
University of California, Santa Barbara1, Humboldt University of Berlin2, University of Southern California3, University of Chicago4, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg5, University of South Florida6, Yale University7, University of Cincinnati8, University of Georgia9, Syracuse University10, Smithsonian Institution11, Harvard University12, Natural History Museum13, Texas A&M University14, Pennsylvania State University15, University of Wisconsin-Madison16, Aix-Marseille University17, California State University, Fullerton18, University of California, Santa Cruz19, College of William & Mary20, University of Colorado Boulder21, Duke University22, Slovak Academy of Sciences23, University of North Carolina at Wilmington24
TL;DR: In this paper, a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens was presented, and it was shown that global and local diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic.
Abstract: It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ sampling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in diversity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.
650 citations
Paris Descartes University1, UCL Institute of Child Health2, Kuwait University3, Boston Children's Hospital4, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre5, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai6, University of Antioquia7, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich8, Tokyo Medical and Dental University9, Seattle Children's Research Institute10, Paris Diderot University11, University of California, San Francisco12, University of Melbourne13, Royal Children's Hospital14, Garvan Institute of Medical Research15, University of New South Wales16, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia17
TL;DR: The classification described here will serve as a critical reference for immunologists and researchers worldwide and the categorization and listing of 354 inborn errors of immunity are detailed.
Abstract: Beginning in 1970, a committee was constituted under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) to catalog primary immunodeficiencies. Twenty years later, the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) took the remit of this committee. The current report details the categorization and listing of 354 (as of February 2017) inborn errors of immunity. The growth and increasing complexity of the field have been impressive, encompassing an increasing variety of conditions, and the classification described here will serve as a critical reference for immunologists and researchers worldwide.
599 citations
TL;DR: GATA2 deficiency unites susceptibility to MDS/AML, immunodeficiency, pulmonary disease, and vascular/lymphatic dysfunction, and monocytopenia, B, NK, and CD4 lymphocy topenia correlated with the presence of disease.
554 citations
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TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
14,171 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
Abstract: For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...
5,873 citations
TL;DR: Improved non-culture-based diagnostics are needed to expand the potential for preemptive (or early directed) therapy and improve diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies is necessary to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with IC.
Abstract: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a leading cause of mycosis-associated mortality in the United States. We examined data from the National Center for Health Statistics and reviewed recent literature in order to update the epidemiology of IC. IC-associated mortality has remained stable, at approximately 0.4 deaths per 100,000 population, since 1997, while mortality associated with invasive aspergillosis has continued to decline. Candida albicans remains the predominant cause of IC, accounting for over half of all cases, but Candida glabrata has emerged as the second most common cause of IC in the United States, and several less common Candida species may be emerging, some of which can exhibit resistance to triazoles and/or amphotericin B. Crude and attributable rates of mortality due to IC remain unacceptably high and unchanged for the past 2 decades. Nonpharmacologic preventive strategies should be emphasized, including hand hygiene; appropriate use, placement, and care of central venous catheters; and prudent use of antimicrobial therapy. Given that delays in appropriate antifungal therapy are associated with increased mortality, improved use of early empirical, preemptive, and prophylactic therapies should also help reduce IC-associated mortality. Several studies have now identified important variables that can be used to predict risk of IC and to help guide preventive strategies such as antifungal prophylaxis and early empirical therapy. However, improved non-culture-based diagnostics are needed to expand the potential for preemptive (or early directed) therapy. Further research to improve diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies is necessary to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with IC.
3,723 citations
TL;DR: The current understanding of IFN‐γ ligand, receptor, ignal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophages function during infection are reviewed.
Abstract: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current understanding of IFN-gamma ligand, receptor, signal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophage function during infection. The current model for IFN-gamma signal transduction is discussed, as well as signal regulation and factors conferring signal specificity. Cellular effects of IFN-gamma are described, including up-regulation of pathogen recognition, antigen processing and presentation, the antiviral state, inhibition of cellular proliferation and effects on apoptosis, activation of microbicidal effector functions, immunomodulation, and leukocyte trafficking. In addition, integration of signaling and response with other cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, type I IFNs, and lipopolysaccharide are discussed.
3,589 citations
TL;DR: Differences between fossil and modern data and the addition of recently available palaeontological information influence understanding of the current extinction crisis, and results confirm that current extinction rates are higher than would be expected from the fossil record.
Abstract: Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than three-quarters of its species in a geologically short interval, as has happened only five times in the past 540 million years or so. Biologists now suggest that a sixth mass extinction may be under way, given the known species losses over the past few centuries and millennia. Here we review how differences between fossil and modern data and the addition of recently available palaeontological information influence our understanding of the current extinction crisis. Our results confirm that current extinction rates are higher than would be expected from the fossil record, highlighting the need for effective conservation measures.
3,051 citations