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Author

Sudarshan Kini

Bio: Sudarshan Kini is an academic researcher from Nitte University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Materials science & Cancer. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 17 publications receiving 160 citations. Previous affiliations of Sudarshan Kini include Manipal University & Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.
Topics: Materials science, Cancer, Quantum dot, Medicine, Gene

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: CXI-benzo-84 inhibited cell cycle progression in metaphase stage of mitosis and accumulated spindle assembly checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1 on kinetochores, which subsequently activated apoptotic cell death in cancer cells.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Focusing on these criteria, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources is discussed in detail, the well‐founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.
Abstract: In the last four decades, several researchers worldwide have routinely and meticulously exercised cell culture experiments in two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Using traditionally existing 2D models, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs has been inappropriately validated due to the failure in generating the precise therapeutic response. Fortunately, a 3D model addresses the foregoing limitations by recapitulating the in vivo environment. In this context, one has to contemplate the design of an appropriate scaffold for favoring the organization of cell microenvironment. Instituting pertinent model on the platter will pave way for a precise mimicking of in vivo conditions. It is because animal cells in scaffolds oblige spontaneous formation of 3D colonies that molecularly, phenotypically, and histologically resemble the native environment. The 3D culture provides insight into the biochemical aspects of cell-cell communication, plasticity, cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, signaling mechanisms, differentiation, and cell death. Focusing on these criteria, this paper discusses in detail, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources. The paper also reviews the well-founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.

41 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This chapter describes the recent studies on algae and cyanobacteria as a promising source of novel compounds with a particular focus on novel extraction techniques, bioactivity, clinical research, and biomedical applications.
Abstract: The difference in the morphological, physiological, and genetic traits make the cyanobacteria to produce different biologically active metabolites. They are found to be rich sources of several metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, pigments, cyclic peptides, phenols, lipid, and vitamins. The fractioned extracts of algae have shown interesting and exciting biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antioxidants, anticoagulant, anticancer, and antiprotozoal and antiviral. The recent trends in the drug discovery from marine microalgae with antibacterial, antileishmanial, antiviral, and anticancer activities are of attracted attention. The bioactive compounds such as dolastatins, carrageenan, apratoxins, cryptophycin, and their derivatives are showing interesting results during clinical trials, providing an excellent opportunity for new drug discovery. This chapter describes the recent studies on algae and cyanobacteria as a promising source of novel compounds with a particular focus on novel extraction techniques, bioactivity, clinical research, and biomedical applications.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preparation of LbL-nanoSraf comprising of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polyelectrolytes dextran-sulfate/poly-l-arginine, with a multikinase inhibitor sorafenib encapsulated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles for oral cancer therapy in vitro exhibited more potent antiproliferative, apoptotic and antimigratory activities in KB cells than the free drug Sraf.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple, facile, and cost-effective one pot synthesis route to synthesize MPA (3-mercaptopropionic acid) stabilized CdTe/CdS core-shell quantum dots and its application for detection of mercury using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer with a cationic dye, Rhodamine 6G.
Abstract: The sensitive and selective detection of mercury in aqueous solution is of paramount importance as the mercury concentration in drinking water above the threshold level set by world health organization can cause serious health issues to humans. We demonstrate a simple, facile, and cost-effective one pot synthesis route to synthesize MPA (3-mercaptopropionic acid) stabilized CdTe/CdS core-shell quantum dots and its application for detection of mercury using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer with a cationic dye, Rhodamine 6G. The quantum dots prepared via chemical reduction strategy using a combination of reducing agents, namely sodium borohydride and citric acid exhibit a high quantum efficiency (> 20% for solid state). Structural as well as luminescence studies of the prepared quantum dots were found to depend on the pH as well as the size of the quantum dots (hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 9 to 16 nm). Analysis of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the prepared quantum dots and Rhodamine 6G elucidate that efficient energy transfer happens in the presence of a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant. Though the prepared CdTe/CdS quantum dots exhibit fluorescence quenching with an increase in mercury concentration and act as an “OFF-sensor,” the Rhodamine 6G-quantum dot pair employed here found to be a better approach as the inherent fluorescence of Rh6G is insensitive to mercury concentration. Our studies elucidate that the fluorescence ratio of Rh6G in a FRET pair follows a linear nature for the Stern-Volmer plot in the concentration range of Hg2+ ions (0.1 nM to 2 μM) and provide a LOD of 3.8 nM.

19 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in CaXs biomaterials, which covers from their categories, characteristics and preparation methods to their bioapplications including diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics.
Abstract: Calcium-based (CaXs) biomaterials including calcium phosphates, calcium carbonates, calcium silicate and calcium fluoride have been widely utilized in the biomedical field owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, CaXs biomaterials have been strategically integrated with imaging contrast agents and therapeutic agents for various molecular imaging modalities including fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging or multimodal imaging, as well as for various therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, gene therapy, hyperthermia therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, or combination therapy, even imaging-guided therapy. Compared with other inorganic biomaterials such as silica-, carbon-, and gold-based biomaterials, CaXs biomaterials can dissolve into nontoxic ions and participate in the normal metabolism of organisms. Thus, they offer safer clinical solutions for disease theranostics. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in CaXs biomaterials, which covers from their categories, characteristics and preparation methods to their bioapplications including diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics. Moreover, the current trends and key problems as well as the future prospects and challenges of CaXs biomaterials are also discussed at the end.

174 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Perspective illustrates the different classes of compounds that behave similar to CA-4, analyzes their binding mode to αβ-tubulin according to recently available structural complexes, and includes described approaches to improve their delivery.
Abstract: The unique characteristics of the tumor vasculature offer the possibility to selectively target tumor growth and vascularization using tubulin-destabilizing agents. Evidence accumulated with combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and its prodrug CA-4P support the therapeutic value of compounds sharing this mechanism of action. However, the chemical instability and poor solubility of CA-4 demand alternative compounds that are able to surmount these limitations. This Perspective illustrates the different classes of compounds that behave similar to CA-4, analyzes their binding mode to αβ-tubulin according to recently available structural complexes, and includes described approaches to improve their delivery. In addition, dissecting the mechanism of action of CA-4 and analogues allows a closer insight into the advantages and drawbacks associated with these tubulin-destabilizing agents that behave as vascular disrupting agents (VDAs).

135 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Apr 2016
TL;DR: According to the researches in the field of measurement optical and biospectroscopic properties of the cancer cells, efforts made for the optimization with different methods to evaluate DNA of cancer cells and changes in different individuals, were used to investigate the rate of irradiation absorption in thecancer cells with different DNA colors and densities.
Abstract: Nowadays, the use of lasers and other biospectroscopic techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Mass, UV-Vis, FT-Raman, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and 31PNMR spectroscopies have had significant progress in treatment of cancer diseases [1-17]. Process of irradiation transmission and absorption in human cells’ tissues is very important in diagnosis and treatment of many cells related diseases and specially cancer cells with optical devices like lasers and other biospectroscopic techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Mass, UV-Vis, FT-Raman, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and 31PNMR spectroscopies [18-34]. Because of diversity of race and cells’ color of humans, who are being treated, knowledge about the effect of the human cells’ color on the laser treatment is essential [35-54]. According to the researches in the field of measurement optical and biospectroscopic properties of the cancer cells and efforts made for the optimization with different methods to evaluate DNA of cancer cells and changes in different individuals, were used to investigate the rate of irradiation absorption in the cancer cells with different DNA colors and densities (Figure 1).

107 citations

01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, magnetic nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 encapsulated with Poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent by using an emulsification-diffusion method.
Abstract: Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 encapsulated with Poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent by using an emulsification–diffusion method. In this study, we have investigated the effects of homogenizer and agitator speed on the nanoparticles formation and the magnetic properties of ferrofluid nanoparticles encapsulated with PLGA with varying the ferromagnetic particle size from 10 to 180 nm. We have confirmed that the ferrofluid nanoparticles encapsulated with PLGA could be utilized as an MRI contrast agent from experiments in animal tissue.

106 citations

01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The results indicate that A. mylitta fibroin scaffold can provide an easily manipulated microenvironment system to investigate individual factors such as growth factors and signaling peptides, as well as evaluation of anticancer drugs.
Abstract: 3D in vitro model systems that are able to mimic the in vivo microenvironment are now highly sought after in cancer research. Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin protein matrices were investigated as potential biomaterial for in vitro tumor modeling. We compared the characteristics of MDA-MB-231 cells on A. mylitta, Bombyx mori silk matrices, Matrigel, and tissue culture plates. The attachment and morphology of the MDA-MB-231 cell line on A. mylitta silk matrices was found to be better than on B. mori matrices and comparable to Matrigel and tissue culture plates. The cells grown in all 3D cultures showed more MMP-9 activity, indicating a more invasive potential. In comparison to B. mori fibroin, A. mylitta fibroin not only provided better cell adhesion, but also improved cell viability and proliferation. Yield coefficient of glucose consumed to lactate produced by cells on 3D A. mylitta fibroin was found to be similar to that of cancer cells in vivo. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were also cultured on 3D A. mylitta fibroin and they grew as clumps in long term culture. The results indicate that A. mylitta fibroin scaffold can provide an easily manipulated microenvironment system to investigate individual factors such as growth factors and signaling peptides, as well as evaluation of anticancer drugs.

105 citations