Sufian Raja

Bio: Sufian Raja is an academic researcher from University of Malaya. The author has contributed to research in topics: Materials science & Friction stir welding. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 9 publications receiving 51 citations. Previous affiliations of Sufian Raja include Mepco Schlenk Engineering College & Aligarh Muslim University.

A review on nanomaterials reinforcement in friction stir welding

Abstract: Nanomaterial reinforced friction stir welding (FSW) is an emerging domain, as it delivers a promising method for enhancing joint properties by making composite joints. Composite joints can enhance surface properties like hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, fatigue life, electrical conductance. Over few years many publications have been reported on the application of nanoparticles reinforcement in FSW joints. The present review critically analyses the current status of nanoparticle reinforcement FSW process. Firstly need, type, behaviour, intrinsic properties of nanoparticles used in FSW are discussed. Then, the microstructural examinations of reinforced joints are analysed. Followed by, various properties associated with reinforced joints are presented with the mechanism of the relationship between microstructure and properties. Finally, various methods of deposition of nanoparticle in FSW is discussed. At last prospects of reinforced FSW are explored followed by concluding remarks.

Mechanical and tribological characteristics of boron carbide reinforcement of AA6061 matrix composite

Abstract: The use of boron carbide-reinforced aluminium matrix composites has grown rapidly in critical applications of aerospace industries, automotive sectors, military, and nuclear engineering. However, boron carbide reinforcement within AA6061 alloy is worthy of investigation in terms of its mechanical and tribological properties. Novel aluminium matrix composites were developed with three different reinforcements (i.e. 5, 10, and 15 wt% of B4C) by using the stir casting process. The developed samples were then tested for performance in terms of mechanical properties (i.e. tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength, shear properties, and micro-hardness). The microstructure of the developed samples was analysed using a scanning electron microscope. By adding 5% B4C reinforcement, the samples display enhanced mechanical properties (high bending, increased resistance to impact test, and shear strength). The micro-hardness tends to increase by increasing the percentage of reinforcement. The novel composites have superior wear resistance due to an increase in the content of B4C particles. The measurements indicate that the wear rate resistance is significantly higher for the composite material with a large amount of B4C particles when was compared with AA6061 alloy. The patterns of surface analysis reveal a homogeneous distribution of ceramic reinforcements in 5 and 15 wt% of B4C samples, as well as a low agglomeration of embedded particles.

A review on biomedical implant materials and the effect of friction stir based techniques on their mechanical and tribological properties

Abstract: Various biomedical implants for prolonged usage in the human body have been created in recent years in a massive and steadily increasing number. Friction stir techniques are solid-state procedures used to improve the grain structure of biomaterials or to connect two workpieces while retaining their essential physical characteristics. This article primarily discusses the multidisciplinary topic of biocompatible implant surfaces from a microstructural, tribological, and mechanical strength perspective. It provides an overview of the most frequently used biomaterials, including metals such as steel, magnesium, and titanium, as well as polymers such as polyethylyne and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), their bulk and surface properties based on structural properties, and surface modification using various friction stir based techniques. These methods have the potential to substantially increase the lifespan of implants and their presence in human bodies.

Recent research progress in friction stir welding of aluminium and copper dissimilar joint: a review

Abstract: Aluminium and copper are employed in various industrial applications due to their high plasticity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and characteristics. By effectively joining dissimilar aluminium and copper, the unique properties of composite formed by these metals can be adequately addressed. Friction stir welding (FSW), an energy-efficient solid-state welding process is capable of joining dissimilar metals, has enormous potential in the future of various industries. This present work comprehensively summarises all pertinent topics related to aluminium to copper FSW, such as FSW process parameters, microstructural characterisation, mechanical properties, and electrical characteristics of aluminium–copper joints produced by FSW. In addition, the current report also discusses several applications of additives used in dissimilar FSW of Al–Cu and new FSW techniques, which generally aim to enhance Al–Cu joint properties. Moreover, numerical modelling of Al–Cu FSW is discussed profoundly to understand the effects of alterations in different process parameters on temperature gradients and microstructure evolution, which would be time-consuming or prohibitively expensive in practice by physical testing. Additionally, several recommendations for future research are proposed to facilitate the advancement and success of Al–Cu FSW studies.

Modelling and optimisation of hardness behaviour of sintered Al/SiC composites using RSM and ANN: a comparative study

Abstract: In present work, Aluminium matrix composites reinforced with x wt.% SiC (x = 5, 7.5 and 10) microparticles were synthesised by powder metallurgy route. The microhardness (VHN) of the Al/SiC composites were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Elemental mapping and Optical microscopy were done for the microstructural investigations. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done for received powders and composites samples for phase recognition and existence of reinforcement particles (SiC) in the synthesised sintered composites. The design of experiments based on RSM was utilised following the central composite design method. Empirical models have been developed by considering variance analysis (ANOVA), to establish relationships among the control factors and the response variables. A feed-forward back-propagation neural network (FF-BPNN) was used to determine the qualitative characteristics of the process, and the accuracy of the BPNN system was attributed with mathematical models based on RSM model. The ANN model predicted surface hardness values are near the experimental findings. It is established that the developed models can be used to predict the hardness of the surface within the investigation range. The composite with reinforcement 7.5% revealed higher sintered density and Vickers microhardness due to the uniform distribution of filler particles in the Al matrix featuring no pores. The results indicate overall higher accuracy in the ANN method than RSM model.

A review on biomedical implant materials and the effect of friction stir based techniques on their mechanical and tribological properties

Abstract: Various biomedical implants for prolonged usage in the human body have been created in recent years in a massive and steadily increasing number. Friction stir techniques are solid-state procedures used to improve the grain structure of biomaterials or to connect two workpieces while retaining their essential physical characteristics. This article primarily discusses the multidisciplinary topic of biocompatible implant surfaces from a microstructural, tribological, and mechanical strength perspective. It provides an overview of the most frequently used biomaterials, including metals such as steel, magnesium, and titanium, as well as polymers such as polyethylyne and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), their bulk and surface properties based on structural properties, and surface modification using various friction stir based techniques. These methods have the potential to substantially increase the lifespan of implants and their presence in human bodies.

Recent research progress in friction stir welding of aluminium and copper dissimilar joint: a review

Abstract: Aluminium and copper are employed in various industrial applications due to their high plasticity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and characteristics. By effectively joining dissimilar aluminium and copper, the unique properties of composite formed by these metals can be adequately addressed. Friction stir welding (FSW), an energy-efficient solid-state welding process is capable of joining dissimilar metals, has enormous potential in the future of various industries. This present work comprehensively summarises all pertinent topics related to aluminium to copper FSW, such as FSW process parameters, microstructural characterisation, mechanical properties, and electrical characteristics of aluminium–copper joints produced by FSW. In addition, the current report also discusses several applications of additives used in dissimilar FSW of Al–Cu and new FSW techniques, which generally aim to enhance Al–Cu joint properties. Moreover, numerical modelling of Al–Cu FSW is discussed profoundly to understand the effects of alterations in different process parameters on temperature gradients and microstructure evolution, which would be time-consuming or prohibitively expensive in practice by physical testing. Additionally, several recommendations for future research are proposed to facilitate the advancement and success of Al–Cu FSW studies.