Author
Sultan Mahmood
Other affiliations: University of Oklahoma, Marshfield Clinic
Bio: Sultan Mahmood is an academic researcher from University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Colonoscopy. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 19 publications receiving 301 citations. Previous affiliations of Sultan Mahmood include University of Oklahoma & Marshfield Clinic.
Topics: Medicine, Colonoscopy, Population, Cirrhosis, Perforation
Papers
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TL;DR: A literature review of the published data on the risk of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections associated with anti-TNF therapy was performed and the clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, management, and prevention of opportunistic infections in patients receiving anti- TNF therapy were reviewed.
Abstract: Biologics such as antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs have emerged as important agents in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases, especially in cases refractory to conventional treatment modalities. However, opportunistic infections have become a major safety concern in patients on anti-TNF therapy, and physicians who utilize these agents must understand the increased risks of infection. A literature review of the published data on the risk of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections associated with anti-TNF therapy was performed and the clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, management, and prevention of opportunistic infections in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy were reviewed. Awareness of the therapeutic potential and associated adverse events is necessary for maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects from anti-TNF treatments. Patients should be adequately vaccinated when possible and closely monitored for early signs of infection. When serious infections occur, withdrawal of anti-TNF therapy may be necessary until the infection has been identified and properly treated.
203 citations
TL;DR: It was found that diabetes, cirrhosis, male sex, history of stroke, TCA use, and race were risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation in patients receiving conventional bowel preparation compared with those receiving split-dose bowel preparation.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors contributing to poor bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy procedures. We used a reproducible search strategy to identify studies, searching 10 medical databases, including PubMed, Ovid, Medline, and Cochrane Library Database for report
89 citations
TL;DR: Current vaccination recommendations with updates for adult IBD patients are discussed and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations have been highlighted as a primary source of recommendations.
Abstract: Treatment regimens for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incorporate the use of a variety of immunosuppressive agents that increase the risk of infections. Prevention of many of these infections can be achieved by the timely and judicious use of vaccinations. IBD patients tend to be under-immunized. Some of the contributing factors are lack of awareness regarding the significance of vaccinating IBD patients, misperception about safety of vaccinations in immunocompromised patients, ambiguity about the perceived role of the gastroenterologist in contrast to the primary care physician and unavailability of vaccination guidelines focused on IBD population. In general, immunocompetent IBD patients can be vaccinated using standard vaccination recommendations. However there are special considerations for IBD patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, IBD travelers and pregnant women with IBD. This review discusses current vaccination recommendations with updates for adult IBD patients. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 vaccination guidelines with 2014 updates and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations have been highlighted as a primary source of recommendations.
23 citations
TL;DR: A case of cutaneous nocardiosis that occurred in a 61-year-old man, whose Crohn's disease was treated for nearly 1.5 years with infliximab is presented, and prompt therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole led to complete resolution.
21 citations
TL;DR: This report highlights the role of alternate delivery modalities in FMT nonresponse by colonoscopic or encapsulated routes, and demonstrates that encapsulated FMT was well tolerated in the elderly with comorbidities, and was eff ective even in colonoscopic FMT failures.
18 citations
Cited by
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Newcastle University1, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust2, University of Exeter3, University of Cambridge4, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust5, Imperial College London6, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust7, University of Manchester8, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust9, King's College London10, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust11, Queen Mary University of London12, Barts Health NHS Trust13, University of Leeds14, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust15, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland16, University of Edinburgh17, Western General Hospital18, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust19, University of Glasgow20, Glasgow Royal Infirmary21, University of Birmingham22, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham23, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust24, University College London25, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust26, Brighton and Sussex Medical School27, University of Wolverhampton28, University Hospital of Wales29
TL;DR: Comprehensive up-to-date guidance is provided regarding indications for, initiation and monitoring of immunosuppressive therapies, nutrition interventions, pre-, peri- and postoperative management, as well as structure and function of the multidisciplinary team and integration between primary and secondary care.
Abstract: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Both represent chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which displays heterogeneity in inflammatory and symptomatic burden between patients and within individuals over time. Optimal management relies on understanding and tailoring evidence-based interventions by clinicians in partnership with patients. This guideline for management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults over 16 years of age was developed by Stakeholders representing UK physicians (British Society of Gastroenterology), surgeons (Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland), specialist nurses (Royal College of Nursing), paediatricians (British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), dietitians (British Dietetic Association), radiologists (British Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology), general practitioners (Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology) and patients (Crohn’s and Colitis UK). A systematic review of 88 247 publications and a Delphi consensus process involving 81 multidisciplinary clinicians and patients was undertaken to develop 168 evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations for pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical interventions, as well as optimal service delivery in the management of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Comprehensive up-to-date guidance is provided regarding indications for, initiation and monitoring of immunosuppressive therapies, nutrition interventions, pre-, peri- and postoperative management, as well as structure and function of the multidisciplinary team and integration between primary and secondary care. Twenty research priorities to inform future clinical management are presented, alongside objective measurement of priority importance, determined by 2379 electronic survey responses from individuals living with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, including patients, their families and friends.
1,140 citations
TL;DR: The role of TNF in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is discussed, up-to-date and future treatment strategies for these disorders are discussed, and how TNF-induced survival signals are distinguished from those that lead to cell death.
Abstract: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has important roles in mammalian immunity and cellular homeostasis. Deregulation of TNF receptor (TNFR) signalling is associated with many inflammatory disorders, including various types of arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, and targeting TNF has been an effective therapeutic strategy in these diseases. This Review focuses on the recent advances that have been made in understanding TNFR signalling and the consequences of its deregulation for cellular survival, apoptosis and regulated necrosis. We discuss how TNF-induced survival signals are distinguished from those that lead to cell death. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the role of TNF in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and we discuss up-to-date and future treatment strategies for these disorders.
715 citations
TL;DR: This Review explores the various inflammatory processes underlying the development and progression of colorectal cancer and discusses anti-inflammatory means for its prevention and treatment.
Abstract: Inflammation is emerging as one of the hallmarks of cancer, yet its role in most tumors remains unclear. Whereas a minority of solid tumors are associated with overt inflammation, long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is remarkably effective in reducing cancer rate and death. This indicates that inflammation might have many as-yet-unrecognized facets, among which an indolent course might be far more prevalent than previously appreciated. In this Review, we explore the various inflammatory processes underlying the development and progression of colorectal cancer and discuss anti-inflammatory means for its prevention and treatment.
371 citations
John Radcliffe Hospital1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven2, Oslo University Hospital3, University of Amsterdam4, University of Porto5, Medical University of Vienna6, University of Bologna7, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology8, University of Barcelona9, Athens State University10, Sapienza University of Rome11
TL;DR: ESGE recommends the use of high volume or low volume PEG-based regimens as well as that of non-PEG- based agents that have been clinically validated for routine bowel preparation as an acceptable alternative to split dosing.
Abstract: ESGE recommends a low fiber diet on the day preceding colonoscopy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends the use of enhanced instructions for bowel preparation.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE suggests adding oral simethicone to bowel preparation.Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends split-dose bowel preparation for elective colonoscopy.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.ESGE recommends, for patients undergoing afternoon colonoscopy, a same-day bowel preparation as an acceptable alternative to split dosing.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.ESGE recommends to start the last dose of bowel preparation within 5 hours of colonoscopy, and to complete it at least 2 hours before the beginning of the procedure.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends the use of high volume or low volume PEG-based regimens as well as that of non-PEG-based agents that have been clinically validated for routine bowel preparation. In patients at risk for hydroelectrolyte disturbances, the choice of laxative should be individualized.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
269 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that proinflammatory signaling, in the absence of infection, is utilized by the developing embryo to generate the lineal precursors of the adult hematopoietic system.
261 citations