Sumit Sethi

Bio: Sumit Sethi is an academic researcher from Federal University of São Paulo. The author has contributed to research in topics: Circadian rhythm & Dopaminergic. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 20 publications receiving 596 citations. Previous affiliations of Sumit Sethi include Monash University & Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in accelerated aging and major depressive disorder.

Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of individuals and is highly comorbid with many age associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immune-inflammatory dysregulation and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. In this review, we critically review the evidence for an involvement of oxidative/nitrosative stress in acceleration of aging process in MDD. There are evidence of the association between MDD and changes in molecular mechanisms involved in aging. There is a significant association between telomere length, enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nuclear factor κB, inflammatory cytokines with MDD. Major depression also is characterized by significantly lower concentration of antioxidants (zinc, coenzyme Q10, PON1). Since, aging and MDD share a common biological base in their pathophysiology, the potential therapeutic use of antioxidants and anti-aging molecules in MDD could be promising.

Omics-Based Biomarkers: Application of Metabolomics in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract: One of the major concerns of modern society is to identify putative biomarkers that serve as a valuable early diagnostic tool to identify a subset of patients with increased risk to develop neuropsychiatric disorders. Biomarker identification in neuropsychiatric disorders is proposed to offer a number of important benefits to patient well-being, including prediction of forthcoming disease, diagnostic precision, and a level of disease description that would guide treatment choice. Nowadays, the metabolomics approach has unlocked new possibilities in diagnostics of devastating disorders like neuropsychiatric disorders. Metabolomics-based technologies have the potential to map early biochemical changes in disease and hence provide an opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers that can be used as indicators of pathological abnormalities prior to development of clinical symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review highlights different -omics strategies for biomarker discovery in neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight initial outcomes from metabolomics studies in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addictive disorders. This review will also present issues and challenges regarding the implementation of the metabolomics approach as a routine diagnostic tool in the clinical laboratory in context with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Hepatocurative and antioxidant profile of HP-1, a polyherbal phytomedicine.

Abstract: HP-1 a herbal formulation comprising of Phyllanthus niruri and extracts of Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica and Tinospora cordifolia has been evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Results show that HP-1 reversed the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and prevented the depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels in a primary monolayer culture of rat hepatocytes (in vitro). HP-1 attenuated the serum toxicity as manifested in elevated levels of transaminases (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and GPT) The antioxidative enzymes in liver (catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were restored to normal values after the oral administration of HP-1. HP-1 suppressed the formation of the superoxide anion radical and reduced CCl4 mediated lipid peroxidation (LPO). Silymarin and antioxidants (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol) were used for comparison. The present study showed that HP-1 is a potential hepatoprotective formulation with an additional attribute of being anti-peroxidative.

Single cell analysis: the new frontier in 'Omics'

Abstract: Single cell analysis: the new frontier in ‘Omics’ Daojing Wang 1 and Steven Bodovitz 2 1. Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 2. BioPerspectives, San Francisco, CA Corresponding author: Wang, D. (djwang@lbl.gov) Cellular heterogeneity arising from stochastic expression of genes, proteins, and metabolites is a fundamental principle of cell biology, but single cell analysis has been beyond the capabilities of ‘Omics’ technologies. This is rapidly changing with the recent examples of single cell genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. The rate of change is expected to accelerate owing to emerging technologies that range from micro/nanofluidics to microfabricated interfaces for mass spectrometry to third- and fourth-generation automated DNA sequencers. As described in this review, single cell analysis is the new frontier in Omics, and single cell Omics has the potential to transform systems biology through new discoveries derived from cellular heterogeneity. Single cell analysis: needs and applications Cellular heterogeneity Cellular heterogeneity within an isogenic cell population is a widespread event [1, 2]. Stochastic gene and protein expression at the single cell level has been clearly demonstrated in different systems using a variety of techniques [3-5]. Therefore, analyzing cell ensembles individually with high spatiotemporal resolutions will lead to a

Minor and major depression and the risk of death in older persons

Abstract: How depression and mortality are associated in older community-dwelling populations has yet to be discovered. This study established the role of both major and minor depression in mortality and assessed the function of confounding and explanatory variables in the relationship. A cohort of 3056 Dutch men and women aged 55 to 85 years were followed for 4 years. DSM-III criteria were used to define major depression according to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Minor depression was defined as clinically relevant (a Center for Epidemiologie Studies Depression score of ≥ 16) without fulfilling diagnostic criteria for major depression. After accounting for sociodemographic and health status confounders, men with major depression had a risk of death that was 1.80 times higher (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.39) than that in nondepressed men during follow-up. The risk of mortality was not significantly increased in women with minor depression. Gender did not affect the higher association of major depression with mortality risk (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.10) when sociodemographics and health status had been adjusted for. The extra risk of mortality associated with depression was accounted for only in small part by health behviors such as smoking and physical inactivity. Minor depression in older men and major depression in both older men and women increase the risk of dying even after sociodemographics, health status, and health behaviors have been taken into account.