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Sundaram Ravikumar

Bio: Sundaram Ravikumar is an academic researcher from Alagappa University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Rhizophora mucronata & Ceriops decandra. The author has an hindex of 31, co-authored 98 publications receiving 2360 citations. Previous affiliations of Sundaram Ravikumar include Manonmaniam Sundaranar University & Government Arts College, Coimbatore.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with leaf aqueous extract of R. mucronata provides potential source for the larvicidal activity against mosquito borne diseases.

166 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the antibacterial potential of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles using different plant parts (leaves, bark and root) of Avicenna marina mangrove plant was identified.
Abstract: The present study was aimed to identify the antibacterial potential of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles using different plant parts (leaves, bark and root) of Avicenna marina mangrove plant. Of the selected three different parts, the leaf extract showed the maximum synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The in vitro antibacterial assay (100 μg disk−1 concentration) showed the results of maximum zone of inhibition with the E. coli (18.40 ± 0.97 mm), and minimum (10.87 ± 1.33 mm) zone of inhibition with S. aureus but the concentrations of MIC and MBC values ranged between 6.25 and 50.0 μg ml−1 between the selected bacterial strains. The FTIR results of most potent leaf extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the prominent peaks (620.967; 1,061.02; 1,116.58; 1,187.94; 1,280.50; 1,353.79; 1,384.64; 1,598.50; 1,629.56; 2,854.14 and 2,927.42) in different ranges. Further, the results of XRD analysis showed the 2θ intense values (38.11 and 70.57) within the ranges of Bragg’s reflection. In addition, the AFM analysis showed the results of particle sizes (71–110 nm), particle roughness (11.8 nm), maximum height of the particle roughness (111.8 nm), and average maximum height of the particle roughness (57.5 nm). It can be concluded from the present findings that, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of A. marina can be used as potential antibacterial agents.

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that, the studied plants might indeed be potential sources of anti UTIs bacterial pathogens.
Abstract: Five Indian mangrove plants (Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Avicennia marina) /parts (hypocotyls, bark, collar and flower) were investigated to evaluate the antibacterial activity against UTIs bacterial pathogens. Sixty nine bacterial strains were isolated from mid urine samples of 75 males and 75 females from Thondi coastal area, Ramanathapuram and were identified by conventional methods.Escherichia coli was predominant (41%) followed by P. aeruginosa (25%), Klebsilla pneumonia (22%), Enterobacter sp. (9%) and Streptococcus aureus (3%). The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of mangrove plants/parts was evaluated by disk diffusion method. R. mucronata (28%) and A. marina (27%) exhibited antibacterial activity against isolated UTIs. The plant parts hypocotyls showed highest antibacterial activity (38%) against the UTIs pathogens. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plant parts revealed the presence of active compounds such as flavonoids, anthroquinone, phenolic group, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The results provided evidence that, the studied plants might indeed be potential sources of anti UTIs bacterial pathogens. Key words: Antibacterial sensitivity, mangrove plants, phytochemicals, urinary tract infections (UTI), bacterial pathogens.

116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The crosslinking and nanoparticles coating effects of cotton fabrics were studied by FTIR and SEM analysis and the antibacterial test was done against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative Escherichia coli bacterium.

102 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Azotobacterisation is beneficial in raising vigorous seedlings of mangroves in coastal wetlands and in vitro production of phytohormone at NaCl salinity of 30 g l−1 is beneficial.

93 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

9,929 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jul 1983-JAMA
TL;DR: This book succeeds Review of Medical Pharmacology, by Meyers, Jawetz, and Goldfien, and deals with relevant information regarding the clinical use of drugs on the various battlefields.
Abstract: This book succeeds Review of Medical Pharmacology , by Meyers, Jawetz, and Goldfien. Edited by B. G. Katzung, some of the important areas covered include drug receptors and pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics of absorption and biotransformation of drugs, autonomic pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor stimulants and antagonists, antihypertensive agents, cardiac glycosides and other agents used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, therapeutic drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, diuretics, pharmacology of the CNS drugs such as anticonvulsants and anesthetics, antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, endocrine pharmacology, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial drugs, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic drugs, cancer chemotherapy, and drugs and the immune system. Written by several prominent researchers and scientists, each chapter begins with a section on the basic pharmacology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the agents under discussion. This is followed by a section on clinical pharmacology, which deals with relevant information regarding the clinical use of drugs on the various

859 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The plants are used successfully in the synthesis of various greener nanoparticles such as cobalt, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide and magnetite, and the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods.
Abstract: The field of nanotechnology mainly encompasses with biology, physics, chemistry and material sciences and it develops novel therapeutic nanosized materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The biological syntheses of nanoparticles are being carried out by different macro-microscopic organisms such as plant, bacteria, fungi, seaweeds and microalgae. The biosynthesized nanomaterials have been effectively controlling the various endemic diseases with less adverse effect. Plant contains abundant natural compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds. These natural products are derived from various parts of plant such as leaves, stems, roots shoots, flowers, barks, and seeds. Recently, many studies have proved that the plant extracts act as a potential precursor for the synthesis of nanomaterial in non-hazardous ways. Since the plant extract contains various secondary metabolites, it acts as reducing and stabilizing agents for the bioreduction reaction to synthesized novel metallic nanoparticles. The non-biological methods (chemical and physical) are used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, which has a serious hazardous and high toxicity for living organisms. In addition, the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods. The plants are used successfully in the synthesis of various greener nanoparticles such as cobalt, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide and magnetite. Also, the plant mediated nanoparticles are potential remedy for various diseases such as malaria, cancer, HIV, hepatitis and other acute diseases.

681 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the synthesis and characterization methods used for green synthesis of ZnO NPs using different biological sources is presented, including plants, fungus, bacteria, and algae.

669 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on characterization, effectiveness, and non-target effects of mosquitocidal nanoparticles synthesized using botanical products (mosquitocidal Nanoparticles, MNP), and particular attention was dedicated to this issue.
Abstract: Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are a key threat for millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. Mosquito young instars are usually targeted with organophosphates, insect growth regulators and microbial control agents. Indoors residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are also employed. However, these chemicals have strong negative effects on human health and the environment. Newer and safer tools have been recently implemented to enhance control of mosquitoes. In this review, I focus on characterization, effectiveness, and non-target effects of mosquitocidal nanoparticles synthesized using botanical products (mosquitocidal nanoparticles, MNP). The majority of plant-fabricated MNP are silver ones. The synthesis of MNP is usually confirmed by UV-visualization spectroscopy, followed by scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. Interestingly, plant-synthesized metal nanoparticles have been reported as effective ovicides, larvicides, pupicides, adulticides, and oviposition deterrents against different mosquito species of medical and veterinary importance. Few parts per million of different MNP are highly toxic against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, and the filariasis mosquito Culex quiquefasciatus. However, despite the growing number of evidences about the effectiveness of MNP, moderate efforts have been carried out to shed light on their possible non-target effects against mosquito's natural enemies and other aquatic organisms. In the final section, particular attention was dedicated to this issue. A number of hot areas that need further research and cooperation among parasitologists and entomologists are highlighted.

431 citations