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Susan E. Haviland

Bio: Susan E. Haviland is an academic researcher from Stanford University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Sentence completion tests & Noun. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 5 publications receiving 1224 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors presented subjects with pairs of sentences, where the first (the context sentence) provided a context for the second (the target sentence), and the subjects were required to press a button when they felt they understood the target sentences.

999 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new analysis of kinship terms, employing relational components, was used to predict the relative order of acquisition of the terms, and the data showed that semantic complexity played an important role in determining the order of the acquisition.
Abstract: Clark's (1973) hypothesis about the acquisition of semantics proposed that young children learn the meanings of words component by component, and that, within any given semantic field, they acquire the full adult meanings for the semantically simpler terms before they acquire the semantically more complex ones. The semantic field investigated in the present study was that of kinship terms. A new analysis of kin terms, employing relational components, was used to predict the relative order of acquisition of the terms. Definitions of 15 kin terms were elicited from children aged 3;5–8;10. The data showed that semantic complexity played an important role in determining the order of acquisition, and thus provided support for both the relational analysis of kin terms and the semantic acquisition hypothesis.

79 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors dealt with how properties of a referential noun are organized and retrieved from long-term memory, and judged the truth or falsity of previously learned artificial facts, each fact consisting of a noun from a natural language hierarchy paired with an arbitrary digit.

11 citations


Cited by
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Book
01 Jan 1973

9,000 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments and demonstrated the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search.
Abstract: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments. The studies (a) demonstrate the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search; (b) trace the course of the

7,032 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The semantic structure of texts can be described both at the local microlevel and at a more global macrolevel, and a model for text comprehension based on this notion accounts for the formation of a coherent semantic text base in terms of a cyclical process constrained by limitations of working memory.
Abstract: The semantic structure of texts can be described both at the local microlevel and at a more global macrolevel A model for text comprehension based on this notion accounts for the formation of a coherent semantic text base in terms of a cyclical process constrained by limitations of working memory Furthermore, the model includes macro-operators, whose purpose is to reduce the information in a text base to its gist, that is, the theoretical macrostructure These operations are under the control of a schema, which is a theoretical formulation of the comprehender's goals The macroprocesses are predictable only when the control schema can be made explicit On the production side, the model is concerned with the generation of recall and summarization protocols This process is partly reproductive and partly constructive, involving the inverse operation of the macro-operators The model is applied to a paragraph from a psychological research report, and methods for the empirical testing of the model are developed

4,800 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of empirical results from the psychological literature in a way that provides a useful foundation for research on consumer knowledge is provided by two fundamental distinctions: consumer expertise is distinguished from product-related experience and five distinct aspects, or dimensions, of expertise are identified.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review basic empirical results from the psychological literature in a way that provides a useful foundation for research on consumer knowledge. A conceptual organization for this diverse literature is provided by two fundamental distinctions. First, consumer expertise is distinguished from product-related experience. Second, five distinct aspects, or dimensions, of expertise are identified: cognitive effort, cognitive structure, analysis, elaboration, and memory. Improvements in the first two dimensions are shown to have general beneficial effects on the latter three. Analysis, elaboration, and memory are shown to have more specific interrelationships. The empirical findings related to each dimension are reviewed and, on the basis of those findings, specific research hypotheses about the effects of expertise on consumer behavior are suggested.

4,147 citations