NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) is a collective name for inducible dimeric transcription factors composed of members of the Rel family of DNA-binding proteins that recognize a common sequence motif. NF-κ...

Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity.

Between the 1960s and 1980s, most life scientists focused their attention on studies of nucleic acids and the translation of the coded information. Protein degradation was a neglected area, conside...

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Proteolytic Pathway: Destruction for the Sake of Construction

https://depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet551-aut01/1217paper.pdf

A Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis of the Mitotic Cell Cycle

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the principal organism used in experiments to examine genetic recombination in eukaryotes. Studies over the past decade have shown that meiotic recombination and probably most mitotic recombination arise from the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). There are multiple pathways by which such DSBs can be repaired, including several homologous recombination pathways and still other nonhomologous mechanisms. Our understanding has also been greatly enriched by the characterization of many proteins involved in recombination and by insights that link aspects of DNA repair to chromosome replication. New molecular models of DSB-induced gene conversion are presented. This review encompasses these different aspects of DSB-induced recombination in Saccharomyces and attempts to relate genetic, molecular biological, and biochemical studies of the processes of DNA repair and recombination.

/pdf/multiple-pathways-of-recombination-induced-by-double-strand-1c7668ukfa.pdf

Multiple Pathways of Recombination Induced by Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in the Human Genome

Proteolysis mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) triggers chromosome segregation and exit from mitosis, yet its regulation is poorly understood. The conserved Cdc20 and Cdh1 proteins were identified as limiting, substrate-specific activators of APC-dependent proteolysis. CDC20 was required for the degradation of the APC substrate Pds1 but not for that of other APC substrates, such as Clb2 and Ase1. Conversely, cdh1Δmutants were impaired in the degradation of Ase1 and Clb2 but not in that of Pds1. Overexpression of either CDC20 orCDH1 was sufficient to induce APC-dependent proteolysis of the appropriate target in stages of the cell cycle in which substrates are normally stable.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/278/5337/460.full.pdf

CDC20 and CDH1: a family of substrate-specific activators of APC-dependent proteolysis.

The Phosphatase Cdc14 Triggers Mitotic Exit by Reversal of Cdk-Dependent Phosphorylation

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(98)70298-2.pdf

The regulation of Cdc20 proteolysis reveals a role for the APC components Cdc23 and Cdc27 during S phase and early mitosis

We have designed a screen to isolate mutants defective during a specific part of meiotic prophase I of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes required for the repair of meiotic double-strand breaks or for the separation of recombined chromosomes are targets of this mutant hunt. The specificity is achieved by selecting for mutants that produce viable spores when recombination and reductional segregation are prevented by mutations in SPO11 and SP013 genes, but fail to yield viable spores during a normal Rec + meiosis. We have identified and characterized a mutation com1-1 , which blocks processing of meiotic double-strand breaks and which interferes with synaptonemal complex formation, homologous pairing and, as a consequence, spore viability after induction of meiotic recombination. The COM1/SAE2 gene was cloned by complementation, and the deletion mutant has a phenotype similar to com1-1. com1/sae2 mutants closely resemble the phenotype of rad50S , as assayed by phase-contrast microscopy for spore formation, physical and genetic analysis of recombination, fluorescence in situ hybridization to quantify homologous pairing and immunofluorescence and electron microscopy to determine the capability to synapse axial elements.

https://www.genetics.org/content/genetics/146/3/781.full.pdf

Susanne Prinz

Papers

CDC20 and CDH1: a family of substrate-specific activators of APC-dependent proteolysis.

The Phosphatase Cdc14 Triggers Mitotic Exit by Reversal of Cdk-Dependent Phosphorylation

The regulation of Cdc20 proteolysis reveals a role for the APC components Cdc23 and Cdc27 during S phase and early mitosis

Isolation of COM1, a New Gene Required to Complete Meiotic Double-Strand Break-Induced Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mnd2, an Essential Antagonist of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex during Meiotic Prophase