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Author

Susheela P

Bio: Susheela P is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Callosobruchus maculatus & Weevil. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 13 citations.

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Journal Article
TL;DR: The results revealed that the extracts of the two plant species caused a considerable reduction in the number of weevils and the combination of neem seed kernel extract and leaf extract of M. koenigii was the most effective in checking insect infestation and allowing the least number of F1 adults to emerge from the seeds over other treatments.
Abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of different plant derivatives against the development of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)fed on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (W) seeds. The leaf extracts of romatic plants, Murraya koenigii and Azadirachta indica (A.Juss) were evaluated for their growth, adult mortality and oviposition inhibition of C. maculatus. The results revealed that the extracts of the two plant species caused a considerable reduction in the number of weevils. The combination of neem seed kernel extract and leaf extract of M. koenigii was the most effective in checking insect infestation and allowing the least number of F1 adults to emerge from the seeds over other treatments. Acetone leaf extracts of M. koenigii were more toxic to adult beetles compared to ethanolic extracts. Thus, the botanicals acted as insect antifeedant and the order of toxicity of various treatments on cowpea weevil were: combination of neem seed kernel extract + M. koenigii leaf extract > neem > M. koenigii.

16 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study discusses the pros and cons of different approaches for the successful management of the bruchid pests in pulses, and highlights about the integrative approach aided with molecular interventions to improve productivity by avoiding losses incurred due to bruchids, and to attain sustainable yields for major pulse crops.
Abstract: Bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) are recognised as the most detrimental storage pest of pulses, especially in the tropics and subtropics. They invade matured pods as well as seeds during storage and, to some extent, farming fields, in turn reducing the net yield of the crops. Several approaches including cultural, biological, physical and chemical control measures have been implemented with the aim of managing these pests, but none of these have been successful across time and space. Recently, transgenic- and marker-assisted breeding approaches have appeared as promising tools for the successful management of these pests. Although some efforts have been made on the development of bruchid-resistant transgenic crops, the cultivars developed are yet to be commercialised worldwide because of various limitations. In contrast, marker-assisted breeding involving the identification of DNA-based markers linked to host resistance against bruchids, have shown some success in the quest for the development of bruchid-resistant cultivar(s). DNA markers linked to bruchid resistance have been identified in various grain legumes, particularly in the genus Vigna, and include mung bean (Vigna radiata), azuki bean (Vigna angularis), rice bean (Vigna umbellata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and black gram (Vigna mungo). After their validation in different genetic backgrounds, these markers could be utilised for marker-assisted selection and breeding ventures to protect pulse crops. The present study discusses the pros and cons of different approaches for the successful management of the bruchid pests in pulses. The review also highlights about the integrative approach aided with molecular interventions to improve productivity by avoiding losses incurred due to bruchids, and to attain sustainable yields for major pulse crops.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both plants showed highly useful bioactivity against C. maculatus in suppressing oviposition and adult emergence and, therefore, can be used in formulating ecofriendly herbal insecticides.
Abstract: The cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of stored cowpea militating against food security in developing nations. The comparative study of Xylopia aethiopica and Aframomum melegueta powder in respect to their phytochemical and insecticidal properties against C. maculatus was carried out using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5g/20g cowpea seeds corresponding to 0.0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.13% v/w) replicated thrice under ambient laboratory condition (28±2°C temperature and 75±5% relative humidity). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside in both plants, while alkaloids was present in A. melegueta and absent in X. aethiopica. The mortality of C. maculatus increased gradually with exposure time and dosage of the plant powders. X. aethiopica caused 75.15% adult mortality and A. meleguta exerted 85% mortality at 120 hrs post infestation. Maximum oviposition deterrent activity was observed with X. aethiopica (54.26%) compared to A. melegueta (51.32%). Conclusively, both plants showed highly useful bioactivity against C. maculatus in suppressing oviposition and adult emergence and, therefore, can be used in formulating ecofriendly herbal insecticides.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022-Heliyon
TL;DR: In this paper , a review aims to consider various measures for the handling of bruchids with special reference to Callosobruchus maculatus and integrated molecular inventions to decrease the populations and enhance pulse productivity in pulses.

16 citations

02 Jul 2015
TL;DR: The results suggest the presence of certain anti-nutritional components in the stem extract of T. neriifolia which can be a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides and further investigations are required to identify and isolate these bioactive components.
Abstract: Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of hexane and methanol stem extracts of Thevetia neriifolia on the food consumption and growth of Helicoverpa armigera early fourth instars. Nutritional assays were carried out to evaluate the impact of extract causing post-ingestive toxicity in the larvae. Feeding of early fourth instars of H. armigera with diet containing 0.005% to 0.05% stem hexane and methanol extract of T. neriifolia resulted in considerable chronic post-ingestive toxicity. Both the stem methanol and hexane extract reduced efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food causing significantly diminished relative growth rate (RGR) ranging between 0.19 – 0.61 and 0.36 – 0.76, respectively, as compared to 1.12 and 1.06 observed when fed on control diet. The studies also established the higher efficiency of methanol extract of T. neriifolia against early IV instars of H. armigera than the hexane extract as growth regulatory agent, the stem hexane extract causing only 28-66% growth reduction as compared to 46-83% reduced growth resulted by stem methanol extract. The results also clearly showed a negative correlation between the growth rate and the concentration of the extract added in the diet. While our study evidently showed the significant, yet variable, nutrition indices for extract of T. neriifolia against H. armigera, the extract did not cause significant change in the relative consumption rate and approximate digestibility. This suggests that though extract could not deter feeding but adversely affected the growth of larvae. Also, despite the fact that larvae had efficient digestibility potential but yet could not utilize the digested food suggested the probable effect of the extracts on the absorption potential and metabolism of H. armigera larvae. Our results suggest the presence of certain anti-nutritional components in the stem extract of T. neriifolia which can be a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. However, further investigations are required to identify and isolate these bioactive components for its proper use in management of H. armigera in the fields.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
09 Oct 2019
TL;DR: Utilization of botanical pesticides is one option of environmentally friendly methods to control the attack of Spodoptera exigua to evaluate lethal concentration and lethal time of plant extracts as botanical insecticide against third instar larva of beet armyworm.
Abstract: [Evaluation of Lethal Concentration and Lethal Time of Botanical Insecticide Against Beet Armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua ) in The Laboratory] Pemanfaatan insektisida botani merupakan salah satu pilihan untuk mengendalikan serangan hama Spodoptera exigua yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetapkan konsentrasi sublethal dan waktu prolethal insektisida botani terhadap larva instar ketiga S. exigua di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Mei sampai Desember 2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan serangga. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 1, 3, 6, dan 12 jam setelah perlakuan dan diulang setiap 24 jam sampai 96 jam. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50 dan LT50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva S. exigua paling tinggi terjadi pada saat 96 jam setelah perlakuan ekstrak bintaro (85,0%), diikuti oleh ekstrak akar tuba (82,5%), dan yang terendah diperoleh dari hasil aplikasi ekstrak huni yang hanya dapat mematikan larva S. exigua sebesar 57%. Dari lima ekstrak tumbuhan tersebut, nilai LC50 terendah diperoleh dari ekstrak daun bintaro (1.002,67 ppm), diikuti oleh ekstrak daun akar tuba (1.256,07 ppm), ekstrak kirinyuh (1.304,37 ppm), ekstrak suren (1.307,37 ppm), dan tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak huni (3.316,06 ppm). Waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpendek terjadi pada 33,50 jam dengan fiducial limit 23,24 – 48,42 jam untuk ekstrak daun akar tuba, sedangkan waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpanjang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun huni, yaitu 136,52 jam dengan fiducial limit 76,47 – 234,51 jam. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa insektisida botani menunjukkan efikasi yang tinggi terhadap larva S. exigua sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen untuk pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT). Keywords Bawang merah; Mortalitas; Insektisida botani; LC50; LT50 Abstract Utilization of botanical pesticides is one option of environmentally friendly methods to control the attack of Spodoptera exigua . The objective of this study was to evaluate of lethal concentration and lethal time of plant extracts as botanical insecticide against third instar larva of beet armyworm, S. exigua under laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute at Lembang (±1,250 m asl.), from May to December 2015. Insect dipping method was used in this research. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was observed at 1,3,6, and 12 hours after exposures to the plant extracts and repeated every 24 hours up to 96 hours of exposures. The results of the experiments showed that at 96 hours post treatment, the highest mortality (85.0%) of the S. exigua larvae was caused by sea mango extract followed by Derris leaf extract (82.5%) and the lowest mortality of S. exigua larvae (57%) was obtained from spreng extract. The lowest LC50 from five of the extracts of botanical insecticide derived from sea mango leaf extract (1,002.67 ppm) followed by Derris leaf extract (1,256.07 ppm), Eupatorium leaf extract (1,304.37 ppm), Toona leaf extract (1,307.37 ppm), and the highest LC50 derived from spreng leaf extract (3,316.06 ppm). The shortest of the mean lethal time 50 (LT50) values of S. exigua was 33.50 hours obtained from Derris leaf extract with fiducial limits 23.24–48.42 while the longest of the mean (LT50) values of S. exigua was 136.52 hours obtained Spreng leaf extract with fiducial limits 76.47–234.51 hours. The botanicals insecticides were proven to be effective against S. exigua larvae, so it can be recommended to be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM).

6 citations