Suzanne G. Haynes

Bio: Suzanne G. Haynes is an academic researcher from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The author has contributed to research in topics: Framingham Heart Study & Framingham Risk Score. The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 13 publications receiving 3152 citations.

The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the framingham study. iii. eight-year incidence of coronary heart disease

Abstract: An extensive psychosocial questionnaire was administered to 1674 coronary free individuals participating in the Framingham Heart Study between 1965 and 1967. The respondents were followed for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) over an eight-year period. Women (aged 45-64 years) who developed CHD scored significantly higher on the Framingham Type A behavior, suppressed hostility (not showing or discussing anger), tension, and anxiety symptoms scales than women remaining free of CHD. Type A women developed twice as much CHD and three times as much angina as Type B women. In a multivariate analysis, Framingham Type A behavior and not discussing anger were independent predictors of CHD incidence when controlled for the standard coronary risk factors and other psychosocial scales. Men exhibiting Framingham Type A behavior, work overload, suppressed hostility (not showing anger), and frequent job promotions were at increased risk of developing CHD (especially in the age group 55-64 years). Among men aged 45-64 years, Type A behavior was associated with a twofold risk of angina, myocardial infarction, and CHD in general, as compared to Type B behavior. The association was found only among white-collar workers and was also independent of the standard coronary risk factors and other psychosocial scales. This prospective study suggests that Type A behavior and suppressed hostility may be involved in the pathogenesis of CHD in both men and women.

The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham study. I. Methods and risk factors.

Abstract: Questionnaires administered to 1822 members of the Framingham Heart Study from 1965 to 1967 provided measures of personality type, sociocultural mobility, situational stress and somatic strain. Clusters of questions selected by a panel of experts, and verified by item and factor analysis, formed scales of Type A behavior and other psychosocial states. The Framingham Type A behavior scale was significantly correlated with daily stress (.47), emotional lability (.43), tension (.42), anger symptoms (.34), and ambitiousness (.31). Women were less likely than men to be ambitious and to exhibit the Framingham Type A behavior, and were more likely than men to be emotionally labile, tense, and to suppress hostility. Few consistent associations were found between psychosocial stress measures and levels of blood pressure or cholesterol. Social status and marital conflicts were significantly associated with patterns of smoking. The Framingham Type A behavior pattern and other psychosocial measures were not related to the level of CHD risk, as determined by the Framingham logistic equations.

Women, work and coronary heart disease: prospective findings from the Framingham heart study.

Abstract: This study examined the relationship of employment status and employment-related behaviors to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. Between 1965 and 1967, a psychosocial questionnaire was administered to 350 housewives, 387 working women (women who had been employed outside the home over one-half their adult years), and 580 men participating in the Framingham Heart Study. The respondents were 45 to 64 years of age and were followed for the development of CHD over the ensuing eight years. Regardless of employment status, women reported significantly more symptoms of emotional distress than men. Working women and men were more likely to report Type A behavior, ambitiousness, and marital disagreements than were housewives; working women experienced more job mobility than men, and more daily stress and marital dissatisfaction than housewives or men. Working women did not have significantly higher incidence rates of CHD than housewives (7.8 vs 5.4 per cent, respectively). However, CHD rates were almost twice as great among women holding clerical jobs (10.6 per cent) as compared to housewives. The most significant predictors of CHD among clerical workers were: suppressed hostility, having a nonsupportive boss, and decreased job mobility. CHD rates were higher among working women who had ever married, especially among those who had raised three or more children. Among working women, clerical workers who had children and were married to blue collar workers were a highest risk of developing CHD (21.3 per cent).

The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the framingham study ii. prevalence of coronary heart disease

Abstract: In a cross-sectional study of 1822 persons aged 45 to 77 years of age, the association of 20 psychosocial scales with coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence was assessed. Women (aged 45 to 64 years) with coronary disease scored significantly higher on the Framingham Type A behavior, emotional lability, aging worries, tension, and anger symptoms scales than women free of CHD. The prevalence of CHD was significantly higher among working women and housewives classified as Type A than as Type B behavior. Among men under 65 years, Framingham Type A behavior, aging worries, daily stress, and tension were associated with the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI). For men and women over 65 years, marital dissatisfactions or disagreements were significantly related to the prevalence of CHD. In a multivariate analysis, the above associations were controlled for age, blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, and other psychosocial scales. Among women under 65 years of age, Framingham Type A behavior and emotional lability remained significant discriminators of CHD prevalence. Aging worries significantly differentiated men under 65 with and without MI. Issues related to the interpretation of results from cross-sectional studies are discussed, and four hypotheses are suggested for future prospective work in this area.

Health complaints, stress, and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity.

Abstract: Most current models in health psychology assume that stress adversely affects physical health. We re-examined this assumption by reviewing extensive data from the literature and from six samples of our own, in which we collected measures of personality, health and fitness, stress, and current emotional functioning. Results indicate that self-report health measures reflect a pervasive mood disposition of negative affectivity (NA); self-report stress scales also contain a substantial NA component. However, although NA is correlated with health compliant scales, it is not strongly or consistently related to actual, long-term health status, and thus will act as a general nuisance factor in health research. Because self-report measures of stress and health both contain a significant NA component, correlations between such measures likely overestimate the true association between stress and health. Results demonstrate the importance of including different types of health measures in health psychology research.

Human aging: usual and successful

Abstract: Research in aging has emphasized average age-related losses and neglected the substantial heterogeneity of older persons. The effects of the aging process itself have been exaggerated, and the modifying effects of diet, exercise, personal habits, and psychosocial factors underestimated. Within the category of normal aging, a distinction can be made between usual aging, in which extrinsic factors heighten the effects of aging alone, and successful aging, in which extrinsic factors play a neutral or positive role. Research on the risks associated with usual aging and strategies to modify them should help elucidate how a transition from usual to successful aging can be facilitated.

Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population.

Abstract: This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between the psychosocial work environment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in a randomly selected, representative sample of 13,779 Swedish male and female workers. It was found that self-reported psychological job demands, work control, and co-worker social support combined greater then multiplicatively in relation to CVD prevalence. An age-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.17 (95% CI-1.32, 3.56) was observed among workers with high demands, low control, and low social support compared to a low demand, high control, and high social support reference group. PRs of approximately 2.00 were observed in this group after consecutively controlling for the effects of age together with 11 other potential confounding factors. The magnitude of the age-adjusted PRs was greatest for blue collar males. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study design, causal inferences cannot be made. The limitations of design and measurement are discussed in th...

Self-control as limited resource: regulatory depletion patterns

Abstract: If self-regulation conforms to an energy or strength model, then self-control should be impaired by prior exertion. In Study 1, trying to regulate one's emotional response to an upsetting movie was followed by a decrease in physical stamina. In Study 2, suppressing forbidden thoughts led to a subsequent tendency to give up quickly on unsolvable anagrams. In Study 3, suppressing thoughts impaired subsequent efforts to control the expression of amusement and enjoyment. In Study 4, autobiographical accounts of successful versus failed emotional control linked prior regulatory demands and fatigue to self-regulatory failure. A strength model of self-regulation fits the data better than activation, priming, skill, or constant capacity models of self-regulation.