Svetlana V. Kostyuk

TL;DR: The oxidized DNA is a stress signal released in response to oxidative stress in the cultured cells and, possibly, in the human body; in particular, it might contribute to systemic abscopal effects of localized irradiation treatments.

TL;DR: It is believed that ecDNA of irradiated apoptotic lymphocytes is a significant factor of stress-signalling and may be followed by relatively long-lasting in the cellular population oxidative stress contributing to the development of an adaptive response.

TL;DR: It is concluded that irradiation-related oxidation of the EcDNA is an important component of the ecDNA-mediated bystander effect.

TL;DR: It seems that tumor cells are more sensitive to oxidized DNA-dependent DNA damage, while developing pronounced adaptive response, which may suggest that in chemotherapy or irradiation-treated human body, the release of oxidizedDNA from dying cancer cells may give a boost to remaining malignant cells by augmenting their survival and stress resistance.

TL;DR: The presence of the radiation-induced apoptosis in the bystander effect being studied suggests a possibility for radiation-modified ecDNA fragments to be released into the culture medium, whereas inhibition of TLR9 suggests the binding these ligands to the recipient cells.