The zeta potential (ZP) of colloidal systems and nano-medicines, as well as their particle size exert a major effect on the various properties of nano-drug delivery systems. Not only the stability of dosage forms and their release rate are affected but also their circulation in the blood stream and absorption into body membranes are dramatically altered by ZP. In this paper the effect of ZP on the various properties of nano-medicines are reviewed. Furthermore, the ability of employing zeta potential to target drug delivery systems to, and drug release at specific sites of the body are discussed.

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Effect of Zeta Potential on the Properties of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems - A Review (Part 2)

Challenges Eun-Kyung Lim,†,‡,§ Taekhoon Kim, Soonmyung Paik, Seungjoo Haam, Yong-Min Huh,*,† and Kwangyeol Lee* Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea †Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-749, Korea Division of Pathology, NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea ‡BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea Electronic Materials Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-Ri, Giheung-Eup, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 449-712, Korea

Nanomaterials for theranostics: recent advances and future challenges.

In recent years, various nanotechnology platforms in the area of medical biology, including both diagnostics and therapy, have gained remarkable attention. Moreover, research and development of engineered multifunctional nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers have spurred exponential growth in applications to medicine in the last decade. Design principles of these nanoparticles, including nano-emulsions, dendrimers, nano-gold, liposomes, drug-carrier conjugates, antibody-drug complexes, and magnetic nanoparticles, are primarily based on unique assemblies of synthetic, natural, or biological components, including but not limited to synthetic polymers, metal ions, oils, and lipids as their building blocks. However, the potential success of these particles in the clinic relies on consideration of important parameters such as nanoparticle fabrication strategies, their physical properties, drug loading efficiencies, drug release potential, and, most importantly, minimum toxicity of the carrier itself. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles bear the advantage of being the least toxic for in vivo applications, and significant progress has been made in the area of DNA/RNA and drug delivery using lipid-based nanoassemblies. In this review, we will primarily focus on the recent advances and updates on lipid-based nanoparticles for their projected applications in drug delivery. We begin with a review of current activities in the field of liposomes (the so-called honorary nanoparticles), and challenging issues of targeting and triggering will be discussed in detail. We will further describe nanoparticles derived from a novel class of amphipathic lipids called bolaamphiphiles with unique lipid assembly features that have been recently examined as drug/DNA delivery vehicles. Finally, an overview of an emerging novel class of particles (based on lipid components other than phospholipids), solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers will be presented. We conclude with a few examples of clinically successful formulations of currently available lipid-based nanoparticles.

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Lipid-based Nanoparticles as Pharmaceutical Drug Carriers: From Concepts to Clinic

Colloidal nanocarriers: a review on formulation technology, types and applications toward targeted drug delivery

Lipid nanoparticles based on solid matrix have emerged as potential drug carriers to improve gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and oral bioavailability of several drugs, especially lipophilic compounds. These formulations may also be used for sustained drug release. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and the newer generation lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), have been studied for their capability as oral drug carriers. Biodegradable, biocompatible, and physiological lipids are generally used to prepare these nanoparticles. Hence, toxicity problems related with the polymeric nanoparticles can be minimized. Furthermore, stability of the formulations might increase than other liquid nano-carriers due to the solid matrix of these lipid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be produced by different formulation techniques. Scaling up of the production process from lab scale to industrial scale can be easily achieved. Reasonably high drug encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles was documented. Oral absorption and bioavailability of several drugs were improved after oral administration of the drug-loaded SLNs or NLCs. In this review, pros and cons, different formulation and characterization techniques, drug incorporation models, GI absorption and oral bioavailability enhancement mechanisms, stability and storage condition of the formulations, and recent advances in oral delivery of the lipid nanoparticles based on solid matrix will be discussed.

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Swati Bhandari

Papers

Potential of solid lipid nanoparticles in brain targeting.