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سید محسن موسوی نیک

Bio: سید محسن موسوی نیک is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fertilizer. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 3 publications receiving 7 citations.
Topics: Fertilizer

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is claimed that up to 40% of the world's population is descendants of those killed in the Middle East during and after the Second World War.
Abstract: مقدمه تنش خشکی از مهم‌ترین فاکتورهای محدودکننده رشد و تولید گیاهان محسوب می‌شوند و منجر به کاهش بیش از 50 درصدی در میانگین تولید اکثر محصولات در سرتاسر جهان می­شود. یک استراتژی سودمند به‌منظور اجتناب از وارد آمدن خسارات تنش خشکی به گیاهان کاشت گیاهان مقاوم به خشکی است. یک پیشنهاد مناسب و متداول استفاده از گیاهان چهارکربنه نظیر ارزن است که مقاومت نسبتا زیادی به کمبود آب دارد. تنش خشکی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی نظیر تنظیم‌کننده‌های اسمزی، محتوی کلروفیل، ارتفاع بوته و طول خوشه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. شناخت مبانی فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی مقاومت به تنش در این گیاه و ارتباط آن‌ها با عملکرد می‌تواند کمک زیاد به شناخت و توسعه کاشت گیاهان مقاوم به خشکی نماید. هدف از این آزمایش بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی در سه رقم ارزن است. مواد و روش‌ها این تحقیق در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی 93-92 به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل تأمین 50، 75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی (به ترتیب تنش شدید، تنش متوسط و بدون تنش) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ارقام ارزن دم­روباهی (شامل رقم باستان و لاین­های kfm5وkfm20) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. اندازه­گیری اسمولیت­ها و رنگ‌دانه‌های فتوسنتزی در 30 و 45 روز بعد از اعمال تنش انجام شد. خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای آن در زمان رسیدگی و بلوغ اندازه­گیری شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SAS 9.1و مقایسه میانگین با استفاده از آزمون توکی در سطح معنی­داری 5% انجام شد نتایج نتایج نشان داد که در مراحل مختلف رشد تنش خشکی منجر به افزایش پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و کاهش رنگ‌دانه‌های فتوسنتزی و کارتنوئیدها در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، طول میانگره و طول خوشه، تعداد خوشه در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در خوشه و وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش داد ولی تأثیری بر تعداد گره نداشت. بالاترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه 461/88 و 171/08 گرم در مترمربع به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار بدون تنش و تنش شدید بود. این نتایج دلالت بر آن دارد که ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه تأثیر مثبت بر عملکرد دانه در ارزن دارد و افزایش آن‌ها باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. بر طبق نتایج بدست آمده کاهش ارتفاع، اسمولیت­های سازگار و کارتنوئیدها مکانیزم­های سازگاری و مقاومت به خشکی محسوب می­شوند.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In conclusion, CaH4P2O8’s aim is to improve the quality of public services in the region by addressing the challenges faced by local authorities in dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis.
Abstract: Drought is one of the most important limiting factors of plants growth which limits about 25 percent of arable lands production over the world. To investigate the effect of drought stress and phosphorus and zinc fertilizer levels on the quantitative properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita cv. Gural), a split plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of University of Zabol in 2013. Treatments consisted of three irrigation levels (75% (control), 50% (mild stress) and 25% of field capacity (severe stress)) as main plots, and factorial combinations of three triple superphosphate fertilizer CaH4P2O8 levels (0, 150, and 300 kg ha-1) and two zinc sulphate fertilizer ZnSO4(H2O) levels (0 and 30 kg ha-1) as sub plots. Some traits such as plant height, number of flowers per plant, flower diameter, fresh and dry flower yield, root length and essence yield were measured. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced values for all morphological traits, except root length. However, no significant mild stress effect was observed for essential oil content. The application of 150 kg P fertilizer ha-1 and 30 kg Zn fertilizer ha-1 increased essential oil content and values for morphological traits. The application of high amount of P fertilizer (300 kg ha-1) had negative effects on chamomile yield. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the application of 150 kg P fertilizer ha-1 and 30 kg Zn fertilizer ha-1 under mild stress (50% of field capacity) can improve essential oil content in German chamomile.

1 citations

DOI
21 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a framework for the identification of the most important features of a person's personality in the context of gender, gender, and race, and gender identity.
Abstract: در شرایط کمبود آب انتقال الگوی کشاورزی به سمت گیاهان سازگار با خشکی می‌تواند راهکار مناسبی برای مقابله با اثرات کمبود آب باشد. ارزن دم‌روباهی گیاهی چهار کربنه با سازگاری خوب به نواحی خشک است که در شرایط تنش بسته شدن جزئی روزنه، تعرق را بیشتر از فتوسنتز کاهش داده و درنتیجه کارایی مصرف آب افزایش می‌یابد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر کارایی مصرف آب و اجزای آن آزمایشی در سال‌های زراعی 93-1392 و 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی بیرجند به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. سطوح تنش خشکی (شامل شاهد، تنش ملایم و شدید به‌ترتیب با تأمین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ژنوتیپ‌های kfm5 و kfm20 و رقم باستان به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی کارایی مصرف آب دانه را کاهش داد ولی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر کاهش کارایی مصرف آب عملکرد بیولوژیک نداشت. در تمام سطوح تنش ژنوتیپ باستان به علت شاخص برداشت بالاتر کارایی مصرف آب بالاتری از دو لاین دیگر در شرایط بدون تنش (817/0 در برابر 627/0) و تنش (563/0 در برابر 415/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم) داشت و برای شرایط تنش مناسب‌تر است. تحت تأثیر تنش کاهش عملکرد دانه به‌واسطه کاهش شاخص برداشت و کل ماده خشک بود. کل ماده خشک ژنوتیپ‌ها اختلافی نداشت و برتری رقم باستان به‌علت شاخص برداشت بالاتر بود. کارایی مصرف آب بالا در گیاه لازمه مقاومت و سازگاری در شرایط مواجهه با تنش خشکی است و به همراه شاخص برداشت که شاخصی از مقدار محصول قابل استفاده است، می‌توانند برای شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌ها و ارقام مناسب برای شرایط خشک و کمبود آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results obtained from contemporary studies are consistent with the proposed role of CaM as an integrator of different stress signaling pathways, which allows plants to maintain homeostasis between different cellular processes.
Abstract: Intracellular changes in Ca2+, one of the important secondary messenger molecules, in response to different biotic and abiotic stimuli are detected by various sensor proteins in the plant cell. Calmodulin (CaM), one of the most extensively studied Ca2+-sensing proteins, is involved in the transduction of signals. Following interaction with Ca2+, the Ca2+-bound CaM (Ca2+-CaM) undergoes conformational change and regulates the activities of a diverse range of proteins. Several of the CaM-binding proteins are also implicated in stress response of plants, indicating that CaM plays an important role in enabling the plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Stress adaptation in plants is a highly complex and multigenic response. Therefore, identification and characterization of proteins that are modulated by CaM under different abiotic stress conditions is imperative for unraveling the molecular mechanisms responsible for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Functional characterization has revealed involvement of CaM in the regulation of metal ions uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of transcription factors such as CAMTA3, GTL1 and WRKY39. Activities of several kinases and phosphatases are also modulated by CaM, thus providing further versatility to plants in signal transduction and stress responses. The results obtained in contemporary studies are consistent with the proposal that CaM acts as an integrator of several different stress signaling pathways that allow plants to maintain homeostasis through negative and positive regulation of different cellular processes. The present review summarizes the progress made so far in understanding the role of CaM in modulating different stress-regulated proteins and their implications in enhancing the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: TaNAC1 is a novel NAC member of the NAC1 subgroup, negatively regulates plant disease resistance, and may modulate plant JA- and SA-signaling defense cascades.
Abstract: Plant-specific NAC transcription factors constitute a large family and play important roles in regulating plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stresses, but only some of them have been investigated for effects on disease reaction in cereal crops. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective strategy for rapid functional analysis of genes in plant tissues. In this study, TaNAC1, encoding a new member of the NAC1 subgroup, was cloned from bread wheat and characterized. It is a transcription factor localized in the cell nucleus, and contains an activation domain in its C-terminal. TaNAC1 was strongly expressed in wheat roots and was involved in responses to infection by the obligate pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and defense-related hormone treatments such as salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and ethylene. Knockdown of TaNAC1 with barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) enhanced stripe rust resistance. TaNAC1-overexpression in Arabidopsis plants gave enhanced susceptibility, attenuated systemic-acquired resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, and promoted lateral root development. Jasmonic acid-signaling pathway genes PDF1.2 and ORA59 were constitutively expressed in transgenic plants. TaNAC1 overexpression suppressed the expression levels of resistance-related genes PR1 and PR2 involved in SA signaling and AtWRKY70, which functions as a connection node between the JA- and SA-signaling pathways. Collectively, TaNAC1 is a novel NAC member of the NAC1 subgroup, negatively regulates plant disease resistance, and may modulate plant JA- and SA-signaling defense cascades.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that next stage of cotton functional genomics requires the draft genomes refinement, re‐sequencing broad diversity panels with the development of high‐throughputfunctional genomics tools and integrating multidisciplinary approaches in upcoming cotton improvement programmes.
Abstract: Functional genomics has transformed from futuristic concept to well-established scientific discipline during the last decade. Cotton functional genomics promise to enhance the understanding of fundamental plant biology to systematically exploit genetic resources for the improvement of cotton fibre quality and yield, as well as utilization of genetic information for germplasm improvement. However, determining the cotton gene functions is a much more challenging task, which has not progressed at a rapid pace. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the recent tools and resources available with the major advances in cotton functional genomics to develop elite cotton genotypes. This effort ultimately helps to filter a subset of genes that can be used to assemble a final list of candidate genes that could be employed in future novel cotton breeding programme. We argue that next stage of cotton functional genomics requires the draft genomes refinement, re-sequencing broad diversity panels with the development of high-throughput functional genomics tools and integrating multidisciplinary approaches in upcoming cotton improvement programmes.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that a broader adoption of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) as a model system for millets could greatly accelerate the pace of gene discovery in the millets, and available and emerging resources in S. viridis and its domesticated relative S. italica are summarized.
Abstract: Millet is a common name for a group of polyphyletic, small-seeded cereal crops that include pearl, finger and foxtail millet. Millet species are an important source of calories for many societies, often in developing countries. Compared to major cereal crops such as rice and maize, millets are generally better adapted to dry and hot environments. Despite their food security value, the genetic architecture of agronomically important traits in millets, including both morphological traits and climate resilience remains poorly studied. These complex traits have been challenging to dissect in large part because of the lack of sufficient genetic tools and resources. In this article, we review the phylogenetic relationship among various millet species and discuss the value of a genetic model system for millet research. We propose that a broader adoption of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) as a model system for millets could greatly accelerate the pace of gene discovery in the millets, and summarize available and emerging resources in S. viridis and its domesticated relative S. italica. These resources have value in forward genetics, reverse genetics and high throughput phenotyping. We describe methods and strategies to best utilize these resources to facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits. We envision that coupling cutting-edge technologies and the use of S. viridis for gene discovery will accelerate genetic research in millets in general. This will enable strategies and provide opportunities to increase productivity, especially in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa where millets are staple food crop.

47 citations

BookDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The present chapter summarizes the origin, domestication, phylogeny, and agroeconomic importance of foxtail millet.
Abstract: Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a versatile crop known for being genetically closely related to biofuel grasses, for its C4 photosynthesis, and for its tolerance to abiotic stresses. These attributes have made this crop a model system and, in view of this, the genome of foxtail millet has been sequenced. Among millets, foxtail millet is the only crop possessing rich genetic and genomic resources, and globally it is the second most cultivated millet next to pearl millet. In the context of its importance in agronomic and research terms, the present chapter summarizes the origin, domestication, phylogeny, and agroeconomic importance of foxtail millet.

22 citations