T. Alp Ikizler

TL;DR: In the early 1990s, the National Kidney Foundation (K/DOQI) developed a set of clinical practice guidelines to define chronic kidney disease and to classify stages in the progression of kidney disease.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that increased oxidative stress and its sequalae is a major contributor to increased atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality found in uremia is proposed and it is proposed that retained uremic solutes such as beta-2 microglobulin, advanced glycosylated end products, cysteine, and homocysteine further contribute to the pro-atherogenic milieu of Uremia.

TL;DR: In patients with acute kidney injury, fluid overload was independently associated with mortality, and patients with fluid overload when their serum creatinine reached its peak were significantly less likely to recover kidney function.

TL;DR: Because MICS leads to a low body mass index, hypocholesterolemia, hypocreatininemia, and hypohomocysteinemia, a "reverse epidemiology" of cardiovascular risks can occur in dialysis patients, obesity, hypercholesterolesmia, and increased blood levels of creatinine and homocysteine appear to be protective and paradoxically associated with a better outcome.

TL;DR: There is a changing spectrum of ARF in the critically ill, characterized by a large burden of comorbid disease and extensive extrarenal complications, obligating the need for dialysis in the majority of patients.