T. Brzozowski

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined stress as an acute threat to homeostasis, and showed both short and long-term effects on the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to the development of a broad array of gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other functional gastrointestinal diseases, food antigen-related adverse responses, peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

TL;DR: It is suggested that cell proliferation is an important factor in healing of gastric and duodenal ulcerations and that EGF plays an important role in ulcer healing due to its mitogenic action.

TL;DR: Identification of the molecular basis and role of melatonin in the regulation of circadian rhythm allows researchers and clinicians to approach gastrointestinal diseases from a chronobiological perspective.

TL;DR: Paraventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei (ARC) are the sites where multiple hormones, released from the gut and adipose tissue, converge to regulate food intake and energy expenditure.

TL;DR: It is concluded that MS features of obesity are closely related to fasting and postprandial alterations of concentrations of PYY(3-36), CCK and ghrelin, suggesting that determination of gut hormones controlling food intake might be considered as a valuable tool to assess the progression of MS to comorbidities of obesity.