This paper describes a fault location algorithm for three terminal lines using wavelet transform of the fault initiated transients. The results presented in are extended to the case of three terminal configuration and a new single ended procedure is developed for teed circuits. The algorithm gives accurate results for the case of three terminal lines including series compensated branch, mutual coupled line section and different values of fault resistances. The performance of the algorithm is tested on different scenarios by using ATP/EMTP program and MATLAB Wavelet Toolbox.

Travelling wave based fault location for teed circuits

This paper describes a new scheme to locate a fault on a multi-terminal transmission line. It describes a simple new algorithm to identify the faulted section first. Then, to exactly locate the fault on this section, a method is described that uses the synchronized voltage measurements at all terminals. The main advantage of this method is that the current-transformer errors in the current measurements can be avoided. Since these errors can be as high as 10%, the fault location is extremely accurate with this method. The scheme can work for transposed as well as untransposed lines and is free of prefault conditions. The paper, after describing the scheme, describes very promising results from an Electromagnetic Transients Program simulation of a multi-terminal transmission line.

Fault location scheme for a multi-terminal transmission line using synchronized Voltage measurements

This paper delineates a novel analytical and computational approach to fault location for power transmission grids. The proposed methodology involves an online and an offline stage. The online stage is based solely on the utilization of the time-of-arrival (ToA) measurements of traveling waves propagating from the fault-occurrence point to synchronized wide-area monitoring devices installed at strategically selected substations. The captured waveforms are processed together at the time of fault in order to identify the location of the fault under study. The overall performance of the developed technique is demonstrated using Alternative Transients Program (ATP) simulations of fault transients and postprocessing the faulted waveform data via discrete wavelet transform. The applicability of the algorithm is independent of the fault type and can readily be extended to transmission grids of any size.

Traveling-Wave-Based Fault-Location Technique for Transmission Grids Via Wide-Area Synchronized Voltage Measurements

This paper presents a critical review on different application of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in electric power system
networks incorporated with FACTS controllers for advanced power system monitoring, protection, and control. Also this paper
presents the current status of the research and developments in the field of the applications of PMUs in electric power system
networks incorporated with FACTS controllers. Authors strongly believe that this survey article will be very much useful to the
researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of the applications of PMUs in electric power system networks
incorporated with FACTS controllers.

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Applications of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electric power system networks incorporated with FACTS controllers

Conventional fault location systems which use one-terminal AC voltages and currents are difficult to apply to multi-terminal power systems. This paper discusses a new fault location system for multi-terminal single transmission lines. Asynchronous sampling at each terminal is preferred in order to simplify the transmission equipment and an algorithm for synchronizing the asynchronous sampling data is presented. Another algorithm is presented which converts the original multi-terminal power system by progressive conversion to a system with one fewer terminals to arrive at a 2-terminal system containing the fault. An effective fault locating system can be constructed by combining these algorithms with existing reactive power locating operations. EMTP simulation results are presented. >

Development of a new fault location system for multi-terminal single transmission lines

The authors propose a novel fault location algorithm for multiterminal parallel transmission lines. The proposed method uses the same AC inputs as protective relays and uses only the magnitude of the differential currents at each terminal. This makes it possible to simplify the H/W and S/W configurations of a fault locator since it is not required to synchronously collect the differential current data at each terminal. This algorithm consists of a basic three-terminal fault location algorithm and equivalent conversion to a three-terminal system from an n-terminal system. For a multifault occurring simultaneously at the same place on both lines as well as a single fault occurring at one place on one of the two lines, this algorithm is reasonably accurate. This was verified mathematically and examined by EMTP simulation. >

T. Emura

Papers

Development of a new fault location algorithm for multi-terminal two parallel transmission lines