Preparation and applications of ion exchange membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of polar monomers onto non-polar films

Self-assembling peptide amphiphile nanofiber matrices for cell entrapment.

Side-chain functionalized polymers have a profound impact on complex materials synthesis with a variety of applications ranging from liquid crystalline and electro-optical materials to drug delivery systems. In the last decade, the use of self-assembly towards the synthesis of side-chain functionalized polymers has been investigated extensively as a result of its modular character and ease of synthesis. This tutorial review describes recent advances in the literature and establishes basic design principles and synthetic approaches towards the fabrication of supramolecular materials that are based on side-chain functionalized polymers.

Non-covalent side-chain polymers: design principles, functionalization strategies, and perspectives.

Co-ordination polymers

Hollow microspheres with pores in their shells have received much attention owing to their hierarchically porous structures and advanced applications in electrochemical capacitive energy storage, hydrogen storage, drug delivery, sensing, and catalysis. For example, Lou et al. reported that hollow SnO2 nanospheres with nanoporous shells showed high reversible charge capacity and good cycling performance. Zhu et al. investigated the drug-delivery properties of hollow silica spheres with mesoporous shells and found that the hollow microspheres were able to store significantly more molecules with higher release rates than conventional mesoporous silica. Template synthesis is one of the most-used strategies to prepare hierarchically hollow microspheres, especially for pores inside the shells. Braun and co-workers have prepared hollow ZnS microspheres with mesoporous shells using dual templates assembled by lyotropic liquid crystals on the surfaces of silica or polystyrene colloidal templates. Liu et al. have produced organic–inorganic hybrid hollow nanospheres with microwindows on the shells templated by tricopolymer aggregates. The template method is general to prepare hollow microspheres with pores in the shells, but expensive and tedious post-treatment processes, such as solvent extraction, thermal pyrolysis, or chemical etching, and resultant fragile frameworks, limit or even impair its applicability. 3, 4] As a result, it remains an important challenge to develop a convenient and template-free method to prepare hollow microspheres with porous shells. Porous coordination polymers are highly ordered porous multifunctional materials prepared by linking metal ions or metal oxide clusters with multidentate organic ligands without any additional template. Construction of shells of hollow materials with porous coordination polymers is an especially promising approach to design hollow microspheres with porous shells through a template-free method and to endow materials with multifunctionality, such as electric, magnetic, and optical properties. Herein, we report the formation of hollow coordination polymer microspheres with microporous shells by a one-pot solvothermal reaction without any additional template; the shells are constructed of iron-based ferrocenyl coordination polymers. We confirm that the Ostwald ripening mechanism is responsible for the formation of hollow cavities with controllable size. Hollow iron-based ferrocenyl coordination polymer microspheres (Fe-Fc-HCPS) were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction of FeCl3·6H2O with 1,1’-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (H2FcDC) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF; Figure 1a). The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed several times with DMF and CHCl3. The reaction temperature, reaction time, and molar ratio of reactants play important roles in the formation of hollow spherical particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical microscopy (OPM) were

Hollow ferrocenyl coordination polymer microspheres with micropores in shells prepared by Ostwald ripening.

Synthesis and characterization of a new metal chelating polymer and derived Ni(II) and Cu(II) polymer complexes

Studies on poly(2-Hydroxy-4-methacryloyloxybenzophe-none)-metal complexes

8-Acryloyloxyquinoline(8-AOQ), prepared from acryloyl chloride and 8-hydroxyquinoline, was polymerized in methyl ethyl ketone at 70°C using benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. Polychelates were obtained when aqueous solution of Th(II)/Cd(II)/Zn(II)/Ni(II) and Mg(II) ions were added to the polymer dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution. The IR spectra of these polychelates suggest that metals are coordinated through oxygen of the esteric carbonyl with nitrogen atom. Elemental analysis of polychelates suggests that the metal-ligand ratio is about 1:2. The electronic spectra, EPR, and magnetic moments of polychelates showed an octachedral and square planar structure for poly(8-AOQ)- Ni(II)/Th(II) and poly(8-AOQ)-Zn(II)/Cd(II)/Mg(II) complexes respectively. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the polychelates are highly crystalline. The thermal properties of polymer metal complexes are discussed.

Studies on poly(8-acryloyloxy-quinoline) and its metal complexing ability in aqueous medium

A new class of poly(benzylidene phosphoramide ester)s containing a photoreactive benzylidene chromophore in the main chain were synthesized from bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene) acetone with various substituted N-aryl phosphoramidic dichlorides by an interfacial polycondensation technique. The synthesized polymers were characterized by inherent viscosity, IR, and 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weights of these polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography. These polymers were studied for their thermal stability and photochemical properties. Thermal properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that halogen-containing polymers show a higher thermal stability than that of nonhalogenated polymers. The photocrosslinking property of these polymers was studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The photoreactive benzylidene chromophore in the main chain dimerizes via 2π + 2π cycloaddition reaction to form a cyclobutane derivative and leads to crosslinking. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2151–2157, 1997

T. Kaliyappan

Papers

Co-ordination polymers

Synthesis and characterization of a new metal chelating polymer and derived Ni(II) and Cu(II) polymer complexes

Studies on poly(2-Hydroxy-4-methacryloyloxybenzophe-none)-metal complexes

Studies on poly(8-acryloyloxy-quinoline) and its metal complexing ability in aqueous medium

Synthesis and spectral, thermal, and photocrosslinking studies of poly(benzylidene phosphoramide ester)s