Statement of problem Measuring vertical dimension is a soft-tissue measurement. Therefore, inaccuracy may occur. Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the Willis gauge method with the caliper method. Material and methods The Willis gauge measures the distance between the septum of the nose and the chin. The caliper method measures the distance between reference points on the tip of the nose and the chin. Twenty predoctoral students applied both methods 10 times in measuring the rest vertical dimension (RVD) and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of a single edentulous patient. The measurements obtained from one experienced clinician were selected as controls for the interocclusal distances (IOD) for the Willis and the caliper methods, respectively. One-sided t tests and a 1-sided nonparametric test were used to determine significant differences between the 2 methods (α=.05). Results The variances in the RVD values for the Willis gauge method were higher than for the caliper method for most students. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the accuracy of the OVD measurements for the caliper method was significantly better than for the Willis gauge method ( P =.001). This was not the case for the RVD measurements ( P =.073).The average IOD for the Willis method was significantly higher than the control IOD ( P =.026). The average IOD for the caliper method was not significantly larger than the control ( P =.1303). Conclusion This study showed that the use of the caliper method by predoctoral students was a significantly more reliable method of measuring the OVD for the patient evaluated.

A comparison of the accuracy of two methods used by pre-doctoral students to measure vertical dimension

Determination of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is an integral part of complete dentures fabrication Due to the lack of teeth, the clinician faces the challenge of how to accurately establish the OVD of the new denture Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to present, discuss and critique the available methods used in determining the OVD for complete dentures patients This review identified two main streams to determine the OVD: (i) pre-extraction methods and (ii) post-extraction methods For the pre-extraction methods, the OVD of the natural dentition is transferred to the new dentures mainly by intra-oral measurements, profile tracing and cephalometric analysis The post-extraction methods rely on mandibular rest position, facial aesthetic appearance, swallowing pattern, craniofacial landmarks measurements, cephalometric analysis, phonetics and existing dentures In general, all the available techniques have merits and are helpful for routine clinical use However, they are empirical in nature, controversial and lack the scientific support Further, there is no single accurate method for OVD determination To overcome the limitations of the techniques, the clinician will benefit from applying combination of techniques to approximate the OVD

Determination of occlusal vertical dimension for complete dentures patients: an updated review.

Background
Establishment of proper occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is one of the important tasks for successful prosthodontic therapy. An ideal method for determining OVD in terms of cost, time, and instrument requirements has been sought in prosthodontics by various investigators. However, no such single method has been formulated. In the current anthropometric study, the relationship of the length of the thumb to the OVD was tested in two ethnic groups of Nepal, Aryans, and Mongoloids. The result of this study can be useful in determining proper OVD in edentulous patients.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=23558

An anthropometric study to evaluate the correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and length of the thumb.

BACKGROUND: Determining and restoring physiological vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is the critical step during complete mouth rehabilitation. The improper VDO compromises the aesthetics, phonetics and functional efficiency of the prosthesis.Â  Various methods are suggested to determine the accurate VDO, including the facial measurements in the clinical situations with no pre-extraction records. The generalisation of correlation between the facial measurements to VDO is criticised due to gender dimorphism and racial differences. Hence, it is prudent to verify the hypothesis of facial proportion and correlation of lower third of the face to remaining craniofacial measurements in different ethnic groups. The objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation of craniofacial measurements and OVD in the Saudi-Arabian ethnic group.METHODOLOGY: Total of 228 participants from Saudi-Arabian Ethnic group were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study. Fifteen craniofacial measurements were recorded with modified digital Vernier callipers, and OVD was recorded at centric occlusion. The obtained data were analysed by using the Spearmanâ€™s correlation and linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The Mean OVD in male participants was higher (69.25 Â± 5.54) in comparison to female participants (57.41 Â± 5.32).Â  The craniofacial measurement of Exocanthion-right labial commissure and the Mesial wall of the right external auditory canal-orbitale lateral had a strong positive correlation with VDO. The strong correlation was recorded with a trichion-upper border of right eyebrow line and trichion-Nasion only in males. Meanwhile, the length of an auricle recorded the positive correlation in female participants.CONCLUSIONS: Being simple and non-invasive technique, craniofacial measurements and linear equations could be routinely utilised to determine VDO.

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An Anthropometric Study of Cranio-Facial Measurements and Their Correlation with Vertical Dimension of Occlusion among Saudi Arabian Subpopulations

Radicular cyst associated with a geminated tooth: Endodontal-surgical treatment Abstract The surgical-endodontic treatment of teeth with an inflammatory radicular cyst is a clinical challenge due to its great complexity. Even more so, if they are in teeth with develop- ment anomalies such as gemination. The case below shows the repair of an apical lesion by a necro-pulpectomy of the geminated tooth and the enucleation of the adjacent cyst. © 2015 Sociedad de Periodoncia de Chile, Sociedad de Implantologia Oral de Chile y Socie- dad de Protesis y Rehabilitacion Oral de Chile. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral

In clinical practice, fully precise method for exact determination of vertical relation of occlusion still does not exist. This study examines the relationship between different craniofacial distances and the distance subnasale-gnathion (Sn-Gn), which represents the lower third of the face in vertical relation determination. The highest coefficient of correlation was (r = 0.8678, p < 0.05) between the distance eye-ear (E-E = lateral border of the ocular orbit-medial opening of the meatus of the external auditory canal) and Sn-Gn. The prediction of the distance Sn-Gn could be determined through the formula: Sn-Gn = E-E/1.08 or through the regression analysis: Sn-Gn = 1.9197 + 0.6449 x E-E. None of the calculated coefficients of correlation was 1, but was < 1, so that the prediction of the distance Sn-Gn by craniometric distances is not absolutely reliable, although it is considerably helpful. Our results point at the variations of craniofacial distances in the Croatian population. Yet, craniometry could still be recommended in everyday clinical practice for prediction of vertical relation of occlusion, as it is a simple, economic and non-invasive method, however in combination with some other methods, which have proved to be helpful.

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T Kuna

Papers

Evaluation of craniometric methods for determination of vertical dimension of occlusion.