Author
T.S. Chandra
Other affiliations: Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institute of Science
Bio: T.S. Chandra is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Madras. The author has contributed to research in topics: Eleusine & Xylanase. The author has an hindex of 27, co-authored 67 publications receiving 2395 citations. Previous affiliations of T.S. Chandra include Indian Institutes of Technology & Indian Institute of Science.
Topics: Eleusine, Xylanase, Fermentation, Cellulase, Microbial fuel cell
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The physio-morphological characteristics of these three strains were studied on glucose medium in submerged fermentation, finding that UV-18-57 had better mycelial integrity and lysis started only by the seventh day, whereas DT1 and UV-85 started to lyze earlier by 4-5 days.
Abstract: By UV-irradiation of Eremothecium ashbyii DT1, a highly flavinogenic mutant (UV-18-57) and a nonflavinogenic mutant (UV-85) were obtained. The physio-morphological characteristics of these three strains were studied on glucose medium in submerged fermentation. Glucose utilization and mycelial growth occurred in 0-2 days of fermentation. By the third day, the biomass had declined. Extracellular riboflavin excretion was distinct from the second day, reaching a maximum rate by the fourth day. The hyphae of the highly flavinogenic mutant UV-18-57 were broader than DT1, while the nonflavinogenic UV-85 hyphae were very thin. Riboflavin accumulation was high in UV-18-57 (extracellular riboflavin, 825 μg/ml, and intracellular, 490 μg/ ml) and caused the mycelia to swell into bulbous forms. Riboflavin accumulation was less in DT1 (108 μg/ml extracellular and 24 μg/ml intracellular) and correspondingly its hyphae were thinner than those of UV-18-57 and swollen bulbous mycelia were not prominent. UV-85 was nonflavinogenic and, accordingly, its morphological characteristics included long thin filaments with no intracellular riboflavin accumulation. A large number of greenish fluorescence spores were seen in UV-18-57, whereas DT1 had less spores and UV-85 was nonsporulating. Sporulation is correlated with riboflavin production. UV-18-57 had better mycelial integrity and lysis started only by the seventh day, whereas DT1 and UV-85 started to lyze earlier by 4-5 days. By the late stage of fermentation (eighth day), DT1 had a few long, thin filaments indicating some secondary growth, whereas UV-85 showed a compact pellet form of mycelia. Most mycelia of UV-18-57 still appeared intact.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an illustrative review of radiologic patterns seen in various forms of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in patients with preexisting structural lung disease with no or mild immunosuppression.
Abstract: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a life-threatening respiratory fungal infection that is almost exclusively seen in patients with preexisting structural lung disease with no or mild immunosuppression. The clinical presentation and imaging findings are varied and often pose a diagnostic challenge; and the disease is often present for a long time before being correctly diagnosed. High-resolution chest computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice because it helps identify various forms of CPA, which can range from a simple aspergilloma and chronic cavitary form, to the subacute invasive and end-stage fibrotic form. The knowledge of the imaging features of this disease cannot be overemphasized because it can assist the clinician in reaching at an early diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy, thereby improving patient management and treatment outcome. Moreover, imaging also plays a pivotal role during follow-up in patients of CPA to assess the treatment response. In the current review, we present an illustrative review of radiologic patterns seen in various forms of CPA.
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TL;DR: In this article, a photoelectrochemical enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide for different concentrations and the electrochemical surface phenomenon was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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TL;DR: The first three-dimensional model of any fungal GCH II which due to its absence in humans assumes significance for anti-fungal drug targeting is reported.
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TL;DR: The present review summarizes the recent developments in the metabolism of aile-carbon metabolizing micro-organisms, while attempting to also point out the avenues for future investigations.
Abstract: Interest in aile-carbon metabolizing micro-organisms is due to the possibility of utilizing them as a source of single cell protein. Furthermore investigations on the metabolism of these bacteria that assimilate oxalate in addition, would aid in elucidating the fundamental process of autotrophic-heterotrophic interconversions on these simple carbon compounds. The present review summarizes the recent developments in the latter field, while attempting to also point out the avenues for future investigations. It is divided into sections dealing with the metabolism of (A) Oxalate (B) Formate (e) Formamide (D) Methane, Methanol, Methylamine and CO, followed by comparative notes on (E) Autotrophy and Methylotrophy.
4 citations
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TL;DR: A review of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds can be found in this article, which summarizes both the synthetic and natural phenolic antioxidants, emphasizing their mode of action, health effects, degradation products and toxicology.
1,800 citations
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TL;DR: The adaptation strategies of the extremophilic xylanases isolated to date and the potential industrial applications of these enzymes will also be presented.
Abstract: Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which randomly cleave the β 1,4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. Diverse forms of these enzymes exist, displaying varying folds, mechanisms of action, substrate specificities, hydrolytic activities (yields, rates and products) and physicochemical characteristics. Research has mainly focused on only two of the xylanase containing glycoside hydrolase families, namely families 10 and 11, yet enzymes with xylanase activity belonging to families 5, 7, 8 and 43 have also been identified and studied, albeit to a lesser extent. Driven by industrial demands for enzymes that can operate under process conditions, a number of extremophilic xylanases have been isolated, in particular those from thermophiles, alkaliphiles and acidiphiles, while little attention has been paid to cold-adapted xylanases. Here, the diverse physicochemical and functional characteristics, as well as the folds and mechanisms of action of all six xylanase containing families will be discussed. The adaptation strategies of the extremophilic xylanases isolated to date and the potential industrial applications of these enzymes will also be presented.
1,584 citations
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TL;DR: This review will focus on complex xylan structure and the microbial enzyme complex involved in its complete breakdown, studies on xylanase regulation and production and their potential industrial applications, with special reference to biobleaching.
Abstract: Despite an increased knowledge of microbial xylanolytic systems in the past few years, further studies are required to achieve a complete understanding of the mechanism of xylan degradation by microorganisms and their enzymes. The enzyme system used by microbes for the metabolism of xylan is the most important tool for investigating the use of the second most abundant polysaccharide (xylan) in nature. Recent studies on microbial xylanolytic systems have generally focussed on induction of enzyme production under different conditions, purification, characterization, molecular cloning and expression, and use of enzyme predominantly for pulp bleaching. Rationale approaches to achieve these goals require a detailed knowledge of the regulatory mechanism governing enzyme production. This review will focus on complex xylan structure and the microbial enzyme complex involved in its complete breakdown, studies on xylanase regulation and production and their potential industrial applications, with special reference to biobleaching.
1,339 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the recent progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the preparation methods, the evaluation methods for the stability of nanometrics, and the ways to enhance the stability for nanofl fluids, and presented the broad range of current and future applications in various fields including energy and mechanical and biomedical fields.
Abstract: Nanofluids, the fluid suspensions of nanomaterials, have shown many interesting properties, and the distinctive features offer unprecedented potential for many applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the preparation methods, the evaluation methods for the stability of nanofluids, and the ways to enhance the stability for nanofluids, the stability mechanisms of nanofluids, and presents the broad range of current and future applications in various fields including energy and mechanical and biomedical fields. At last, the paper identifies the opportunities for future research.
1,320 citations
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05 Dec 1995TL;DR: Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals as mentioned in this paper is the first single-source compendium of essential information concerning food phenolics, which reports the classification and nomenclature of phenolics and their occurrence in food and nutraceuticals.
Abstract: Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals is the first single-source compendium of essential information concerning food phenolics. This unique book reports the classification and nomenclature of phenolics, their occurrence in food and nutraceuticals, chemistry and applications, and nutritional and health effects. In addition, it describes antioxidant activity of phenolics in food and nutraceuticals as well as methods for analysis and quantification. Each chapter concludes with an extensive bibliography for further reading. Food scientists, nutritionists, chemists, biochemists, and health professionals will find this book valuable.
1,252 citations