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Tae-Ho Lee

Bio: Tae-Ho Lee is an academic researcher from Virginia Tech. The author has contributed to research in topics: Arousal & Psychology. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 40 publications receiving 1124 citations. Previous affiliations of Tae-Ho Lee include Korea Military Academy & University of Southern California.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results support the neurovisceral integration model and suggest that higher heart rate variability is associated with neural mechanisms that support successful emotional regulation across the adult lifespan.

167 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Robertson et al. as mentioned in this paper used neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging to visualize and measure locus coeruleus (LC) signal intensity in healthy younger and older adults and found that LC signal intensity was significantly higher in older than younger adults and significantly lower in women than in men.

143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used fMRI, neuromelanin MRI, and pupil measures to show that locus coeruleus (LC) activity amplifies neural gain, such that limited encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal.
Abstract: Recent models posit that bursts of locus coeruleus (LC) activity amplify neural gain, such that limited attention and encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal. Here, we tested this hypothesis in human males and females using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), neuromelanin MRI, and pupil dilation, a biomarker of arousal and LC activity. During scanning, participants performed a monetary incentive encoding task in which threat of punishment motivated participants to prioritize encoding of scene images over superimposed objects. Threat of punishment elicited arousal and selectively enhanced memory for goal-relevant scenes. Furthermore, trial-level pupil dilations predicted better scene memory under threat, but were not related to object memory outcomes. FMRI analyses revealed that greater threat-evoked pupil dilations were positively associated with greater scene encoding activity in LC and parahippocampal cortex, a region specialized to process scene information. Across participants, this pattern of LC engagement for goal-relevant encoding was correlated with neuromelanin signal intensity, providing the first evidence that LC structure relates to its activation pattern during cognitive processing. Threat also reduced dynamic functional connectivity between high (parahippocampal place area) and lower priority (lateral occipital cortex) category-selective visual cortex in ways that predicted increased memory selectivity. Together these findings support the idea that, under arousal, LC activity selectively strengthens prioritized memory representations by modulating local and functional network-level patterns of information processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adaptive behavior relies on the ability to select and store important information amidst distraction. Prioritizing encoding of task-relevant inputs is especially critical in threatening or arousing situations, when forming these memories is essential for avoiding danger in the future. However, little is known about the arousal mechanisms that support such memory selectivity. Using fMRI, neuromelanin MRI, and pupil measures, we demonstrate that locus coeruleus (LC) activity amplifies neural gain, such that limited encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal. For the first time, we also show that LC structure relates to its involvement in threat-related encoding processes. These results shed new light on the mechanisms by which we process important information when it is most needed.

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High arousal enables young people to better detect salient stimuli and in older people, arousal leads to increased processing of all stimuli, which can be explained by age-related changes in how the locus coeruleus–noradrenaline system interacts with cortical attention networks.
Abstract: In younger adults, arousal amplifies attentional focus to the most salient or goal-relevant information while suppressing other information. A computational model of how the locus coeruleus–noradrenaline system can implement this increased selectivity under arousal and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study comparing how arousal affects younger and older adults’ processing indicate that the amplification of salient stimuli and the suppression of non-salient stimuli are separate processes, with ageing affecting suppression without affecting amplification under arousal. In the fMRI study, arousal increased processing of salient stimuli and decreased processing of non-salient stimuli for younger adults. By contrast, for older adults, arousal increased processing of both low- and high-salience stimuli, generally increasing excitatory responses to visual stimuli. Older adults also showed a decline in locus coeruleus functional connectivity with frontoparietal networks that coordinate attentional selectivity. Thus, among older adults, arousal increases the potential for distraction from non-salient stimuli.

91 citations

21 Nov 2017
TL;DR: These findings support the idea that, under arousal, LC activity selectively strengthens prioritized memory representations by modulating local and functional network-level patterns of information processing and show that LC structure relates to its involvement in threat-related encoding processes.
Abstract: Recent models posit that bursts of locus ceruleus (LC) activity amplify neural gain such that limited attention and encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal. Here, we tested this hypothesis in human males and females using fMRI, neuromelanin MRI, and pupil dilation, a biomarker of arousal and LC activity. During scanning, participants performed a monetary incentive encoding task in which threat of punishment motivated them to prioritize encoding of scene images over superimposed objects. Threat of punishment elicited arousal and selectively enhanced memory for goal-relevant scenes. Furthermore, trial-level pupil dilations predicted better scene memory under threat, but were not related to object memory outcomes. fMRI analyses revealed that greater threat-evoked pupil dilations were positively associated with greater scene encoding activity in LC and parahippocampal cortex, a region specialized to process scene information. Across participants, this pattern of LC engagement for goal-relevant encoding was correlated with neuromelanin signal intensity, providing the first evidence that LC structure relates to its activation pattern during cognitive processing. Threat also reduced dynamic functional connectivity between high-priority (parahippocampal place area) and lower-priority (lateral occipital cortex) category-selective visual cortex in ways that predicted increased memory selectivity. Together, these findings support the idea that, under arousal, LC activity selectively strengthens prioritized memory representations by modulating local and functional network-level patterns of information processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adaptive behavior relies on the ability to select and store important information amid distraction. Prioritizing encoding of task-relevant inputs is especially critical in threatening or arousing situations, when forming these memories is essential for avoiding danger in the future. However, little is known about the arousal mechanisms that support such memory selectivity. Using fMRI, neuromelanin MRI, and pupil measures, we demonstrate that locus ceruleus (LC) activity amplifies neural gain such that limited encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal. For the first time, we also show that LC structure relates to its involvement in threat-related encoding processes. These results shed new light on the brain mechanisms by which we process important information when it is most needed.

75 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: This introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing helps people to enjoy a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.
Abstract: Thank you very much for downloading introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.

968 citations

Reference EntryDOI
15 Jul 2008

830 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Arousal-biased competition theory provides specific predictions about when arousal will enhance memory for events and when it will impair it, which accounts for some puzzling contradictions in the emotional memory literature.
Abstract: Our everyday surroundings besiege us with information. The battle is for a share of our limited attention and memory, with the brain selecting the winners and discarding the losers. Previous research shows that both bottom-up and top-down factors bias competition in favor of high priority stimuli. We propose that arousal during an event increases this bias both in perception and in long-term memory of the event. Arousal-biased competition theory provides specific predictions about when arousal will enhance memory for events and when it will impair it, which accounts for some puzzling contradictions in the emotional memory literature.

687 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Apr 2017-Neuron
TL;DR: Do older adults simply need less sleep, or rather, are they unable to generate the sleep that they still need?

617 citations