https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/96770/1/30.%20Application%20of%20Layered%20Double%20Hydroxides%20for%20Removal%20of%20Oxyanions.pdf

Application of layered double hydroxides for removal of oxyanions: A review

The quality of water is continuously deteriorating due to its increasing toxic threat to humans and the environment. It is imperative to perform treatment of wastewater in order to remove pollutants and to get good quality water. Carbon materials like porous carbon, carbon nanotubes and fullerene have been extensively used for advanced treatment of wastewaters. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials have become promising adsorbents for water treatment. This review attempts to compile relevant knowledge about the adsorption activities of porous carbon, carbon nanotubes and fullerene related to various organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. A detailed description of the preparation and treatment methods of porous carbon, carbon nanotubes and fullerene along with relevant applications and regeneration is also included.

Sorption of pollutants by porous carbon, carbon nanotubes and fullerene- An overview

Paraquat dichloride (methyl viologen; PQ) is an effective and widely used herbicide that has a proven safety record when appropriately applied to eliminate weeds. However, over the last decades, there have been numerous fatalities, mainly caused by accidental or voluntary ingestion. PQ poisoning is an extremely frustrating condition to manage clinically, due to the elevated morbidity and mortality observed so far and due to the lack of effective treatments to be used in humans. PQ mainly accumulates in the lung (pulmonary concentrations can be 6 to 10 times higher than those in the plasma), where it is retained even when blood levels start to decrease. The pulmonary effects can be explained by the participation of the polyamine transport system abundantly expressed in the membrane of alveolar cells type I, II, and Clara cells. Further downstream at the toxicodynamic level, the main molecular mechanism of PQ toxicity is based on redox cycling and intracellular oxidative stress generation. With this review we aimed to collect and describe the most pertinent and significant findings published in established scientific publications since the discovery of PQ, focusing on the most recent developments related to PQ lung toxicity and their relevance to the treatment of human poisonings. Considerable space is also dedicated to techniques for prognosis prediction, since these could allow development of rigorous clinical protocols that may produce comparable data for the evaluation of proposed therapies.

Paraquat Poisonings: Mechanisms of Lung Toxicity, Clinical Features, and Treatment

Coffee is one of the popular beverages of the world and second largest traded commodity after petroleum. Coffee is cultivated in about 80 countries across the globe and entangles huge business worldwide. Coffee dispensation requires an elevated degree of processing know how and produces large amounts of processing by-products such as coffee pulp and husk, which have limited applications such as fertilizer, livestock feed, compost and such others. Biotechnological applications in the field of industrial residues management promote sustainable development of country's economy. The objectives pertaining to food processing by-products, waste and effluents include the recovery of fine chemicals and production of precious metabolites via chemical and biotechnological processes. Pre-treatments, followed by recovery procedures endow value-added products (natural antioxidants, vitamins, enzymes, cellulose, starch, lipids, proteins, pigments) of high significance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. With the background of high crop production in the upcoming years, there is an imperative need to counterpart this production with some utilization and industrial application of coffee by-products since coffee industry emerges enormous amounts of coffee by-products which are thriving nutrient resources. The present review highlights explorations of value addition to coffee by-products which can be achieved with valorization strategy, integration of techniques and applications of bioengineering principles in food processing and waste management and secondly conserve environment with disposal problem accelerating both ecological and economical resources.

Sustainable management of coffee industry by-products and value addition—A review

Chemistry of alumina, reactions in aqueous solution and its application in water treatment.

Removal of phosphate by aluminum oxide hydroxide.

Adsorption of dyes onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment.

Bleaching efficiencies of bentonites, montmorillonites and sepiolites for alkali-refined rapesseed, soybean, wheatgerm, safflower, corn, cottonseed and sunflower oils were investigated by a batch method at 110°C. The sepiolites with more acid sites at −5.6 Ho ≥ −3.0 were highly significant with bleaching efficiency. The sepiolites (numbers 2 and 3) were more suitable than standard activated clay because they were more effective both in retaining tocopherols and in reducing free fatty acids after bleaching.

Bleaching of alkali-refined vegetable oils with clay minerals

The adsorption ability of charcoal from extracted residue of coffee beans for indigo carmine removal was investigated by the batch method. Differences in the removal ratio and removal rate of indigo carmine could be explained by differences in the properties of charcoal. In the relationship between the amount of indigo carmine adsorbed and the square root of elapsed time, a good linearity was recognized. Since the relationship between the amount of indigo carmine adsorbed and square root of elapsed time showed a good linearity, the intraparticle diffusion of indigo carmine onto pores of adsorbents was identified as the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process.

Decolorization of Indigo Carmine by Charcoal from Extracted Residue of Coffee Beans

From the viewpoints of decreasing environmental burdens and recycling of materials, the adsorption ability of charcoal from coffee grounds for acidic dye (acid orange 7) removal was investigated by the batch method. Differences in the removal ratio and removal rate of acid orange 7 could be explained by differences in the properties of charcoal such as specific surface area and pore volume. In the relationship between the amount of acid orange 7 adsorbed at each elapsed time and the square root of elapsed time, a good linearity was recognized. Since the good linearity between the acid orange 7 adsorption and the square root of elapsed time was recognized, the intraparticle diffusion of acid orange 7 onto pores of adsorbents was identified as the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process.

/pdf/decolorization-of-acidic-dye-by-charcoal-from-coffee-grounds-1xdtkrx1dz.pdf

Takamichi Tamura

Papers

Removal of phosphate by aluminum oxide hydroxide.

Adsorption of dyes onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment.

Bleaching of alkali-refined vegetable oils with clay minerals

Decolorization of Indigo Carmine by Charcoal from Extracted Residue of Coffee Beans

Decolorization of Acidic Dye by Charcoal from Coffee Grounds