Author
Talya Greene
Other affiliations: King's College London, Tel Aviv University, University College London
Bio: Talya Greene is an academic researcher from University of Haifa. The author has contributed to research in topics: Mental health & Health care. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 67 publications receiving 1316 citations. Previous affiliations of Talya Greene include King's College London & Tel Aviv University.
Topics: Mental health, Health care, Medicine, Psychology, Anxiety
Papers
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TL;DR: It is proposed that primary care settings are important for the early detection of PTSD, which can be improved through indicated screening and PCP education.
Abstract: Research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common, debilitating and frequently associated with comorbid health conditions, including poor functioning, and increased health care utilization. This article systematically reviewed the empirical literature on PTSD in primary care settings, focusing on prevalence, detection and correlates. Twenty-seven studies were identified for inclusion. Current PTSD prevalence in primary care patients ranged widely between 2 % to 39 %, with significant heterogeneity in estimates explained by samples with different levels of trauma exposure. Six studies found detection of PTSD by primary care physicians (PCPs) ranged from 0 % to 52 %. Studies examining associations between PTSD and sociodemographic variables yielded equivocal results. High comorbidity was reported between PTSD and other psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety, and PTSD was associated with functional impairment or disability. Exposure to multiple types of trauma also raised the risk of PTSD. While some studies indicated that primary care patients with PTSD report higher levels of substance and alcohol abuse, somatic symptoms, pain, health complaints, and healthcare utilization, other studies did not find these associations. This review proposes that primary care settings are important for the early detection of PTSD, which can be improved through indicated screening and PCP education.
139 citations
TL;DR: This paper conducted a meta-synthesis of all qualitative results to synthesise findings and developed an overarching set of themes and sub-themes which captured the experiences and views of frontline healthcare workers across the studies.
Abstract: Background Healthcare workers across the world have risen to the demands of treating COVID-19 patients, potentially at significant cost to their own health and wellbeing. There has been increasing recognition of the potential mental health impact of COVID-19 on frontline workers and calls to provide psychosocial support for them. However, little attention has so far been paid to understanding the impact of working on a pandemic from healthcare workers' own perspectives or what their views are about support. Methods We searched key healthcare databases (Medline, PsychINFO and PubMed) from inception to September 28, 2020. We also reviewed relevant grey literature, screened pre-print servers and hand searched reference lists of key texts for all published accounts of healthcare workers' experiences of working on the frontline and views about support during COVID-19 and previous pandemics/epidemics. We conducted a meta-synthesis of all qualitative results to synthesise findings and develop an overarching set of themes and sub-themes which captured the experiences and views of frontline healthcare workers across the studies. Results This review identified 46 qualitative studies which explored healthcare workers' experiences and views from pandemics or epidemics including and prior to COVID-19. Meta-synthesis derived eight key themes which largely transcended temporal and geographical boundaries. Participants across all the studies were deeply concerned about their own and/or others' physical safety. This was greatest in the early phases of pandemics and exacerbated by inadequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), insufficient resources, and inconsistent information. Workers struggled with high workloads and long shifts and desired adequate rest and recovery. Many experienced stigma. Healthcare workers' relationships with families, colleagues, organisations, media and the wider public were complicated and could be experienced concomitantly as sources of support but also sources of stress. Conclusions The experiences of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic are not unprecedented; the themes that arose from previous pandemics and epidemics were remarkably resonant with what we are hearing about the impact of COVID-19 globally today. We have an opportunity to learn from the lessons of previous crises, mitigate the negative mental health impact of COVID-19 and support the longer-term wellbeing of the healthcare workforce worldwide.
138 citations
TL;DR: Although PTSD and VT were found to be highly correlated, there were some distinct predictors and PTSD was predicted by professional experience, subjective exposure, and professional self-efficacy, and VT was further predicted by years of education and professional support.
Abstract: The current study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and vicarious trauma (VT) symptoms among mental health professionals (MHPs) working in communities exposed to high levels of trauma related to rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip The study assessed direct and vicarious traumatic exposure The study also explored the relationship between professional supports (for example, training, supervision) and sense of professional self-efficacy with MHPs’ PTSD and VT symptoms Results indicate that MHPs working in the more severely affected community of Sderot reported higher objective, subjective, and professional exposure as well as higher levels of PTSD and VT symptoms compared with MHPs working in some of the other Gaza-bordering communities Although PTSD and VT were found to be highly correlated, there were some distinct predictors PTSD was predicted by professional experience, subjective exposure, and professional self-efficacy VT was further predicted by years of education and professional support The findings indicate that MHPs exposed to concurrent primary trauma and VT are at increased risk for psychological distress and may require targeted interventions to boost their resilience Opportunities for respite, interventions to increase professional self-efficacy, and appropriate professional supports may buffer the effects of concurrent primary trauma and VT exposure
100 citations
TL;DR: Logistic regression analyses found that participants who were concerned about infecting others, who could not talk with their managers if there were not coping, who reported feeling stigmatized and who had not had reliable access to personal protective equipment were more likely to meet criteria for a clinically significant mental disorder.
Abstract: Background: Studies have shown that working in frontline healthcare roles during epidemics and pandemics was associated with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.Objectives:...
94 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that, as deployment length increases, the potential for personnel to suffer adverse health effects also increases, and better preparation for the potentially harmful effects that deployments can have on employees' health and well-being is needed.
Abstract: To determine the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of deployment length and a 'mismatch' between the expected and actual length of deployments on the health and well-being of military personnel in order to draw relevant conclusions for all organisations that deploy personnel to conflict zones. A systematic review was conducted of studies measuring deployment length to theatres of operations and the issue of 'mismatch' between expected and actual tour lengths. The nine studies included were rated for quality. Of the nine studies reviewed, six were rated as high quality, two as moderate quality and one as low quality. Seven of these studies found adverse effects of longer deployments on health and well-being. The two studies that measured 'mismatch' found adverse effects on mental health and well-being when deployments lasted longer than personnel expected. There are a limited number of studies which have assessed the effects of deployment length and very few that have assessed the effects of 'mismatch' on health and well-being. However, this review suggests that, as deployment length increases, the potential for personnel to suffer adverse health effects also increases. Further research is required to investigate the effects of spending prolonged periods of time away from family and friends, especially when deployment lasts longer than expected by personnel. These results are important not only for the Armed Forces, but also for other organisations that place employees in similar working conditions. Taking account of these findings may allow better preparation for the potentially harmful effects that deployments can have on employees' health and well-being.
90 citations
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TL;DR: The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia-version III is synthesized into a comprehensive framework that links risk factors, including pregnancy and obstetric complications, stress and trauma, drug use, and genes, to increased presynaptic striatal dopaminergic function.
Abstract: The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia has been one of the most enduring ideas in psychiatry. Initially, the emphasis was on a role of hyperdopaminergia in the etiology of schizophrenia (version I), but it was subsequently reconceptualized to specify subcortical hyperdopaminergia with prefrontal hypodopaminergia (version II). However, these hypotheses focused too narrowly on dopamine itself, conflated psychosis and schizophrenia, and predated advances in the genetics, molecular biology, and imaging research in schizophrenia. Since version II, there have been over 6700 articles about dopamine and schizophrenia. We selectively review these data to provide an overview of the 5 critical streams of new evidence: neurochemical imaging studies, genetic evidence, findings on environmental risk factors, research into the extended phenotype, and animal studies. We synthesize this evidence into a new dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia-version III: the final common pathway. This hypothesis seeks to be comprehensive in providing a framework that links risk factors, including pregnancy and obstetric complications, stress and trauma, drug use, and genes, to increased presynaptic striatal dopaminergic function. It explains how a complex array of pathological, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other findings, such as frontotemporal structural and functional abnormalities and cognitive impairments, may converge neurochemically to cause psychosis through aberrant salience and lead to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The hypothesis has one major implication for treatment approaches. Current treatments are acting downstream of the critical neurotransmitter abnormality. Future drug development and research into etiopathogenesis should focus on identifying and manipulating the upstream factors that converge on the dopaminergic funnel point.
2,311 citations
TL;DR: Heterogeneity in the etiopathology, symptomatology, and course of schizophrenia can be addressed by a dimensional approach to psychopathology, a clinical staging approach to illness course, and by elucidating endophenotypes and markers of illness progression, respectively.
896 citations
TL;DR: Cognitive behavioral therapy WikipediaCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Definition, Types 31 Best Cognitive Behavioral Therapy books In 2021 31 best CBT books in 2021.
Abstract: Cognitive behavioral therapy WikipediaCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Definition, Types 31 Best Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Books In 2021What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)? A Psychologist The Basic Principles of Cognitive Behavior TherapyCognitive therapy WikipediaThe key principles of cognitive behavioural therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | Psychology Today(PDF) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ResearchGateThe Complete List of CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use DisordersGoodTherapy Find the Right TherapistWhat is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)? | Psychology ToolsTreating Depression With Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy The Comprehensive Clinician's Guide to Cognitive The CBT Model of Emotions Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Case StudyCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Worksheets | Psychology Beyond Worksheets in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Impairment and Rehabilitation Strategies After Cognitive therapy: basics and beyond PDF Free DownloadResources from Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Simply PsychologyChallenging Negative Thoughts (Worksheet) | Therapist AidWhat About Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy? | BrainLineCognitive Distortions, Humor Styles, and Depression30 Best CBT Books to Teach Yourself Cognitive Behavioural Cognitive Therapy for Depression
744 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that COVID-19 requires us to prioritize and mobilize as a research and clinical community around several key areas: (a) diagnostics, (b) prevention, (c) public outreach and communication, (d) working with medical staff and mainstreaming into nonmental health services, and (e) CO VID-19-specific trauma research.
Abstract: THE ISSUE: Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is transforming every aspect of our lives. Identified in late 2019, COVID-19 quickly became characterized as a global pandemic by March of 2020. Given the rapid acceleration of transmission, and the lack of preparedness to prevent and treat this virus, the negative impacts of COVID-19 are rippling through every facet of society. Although large numbers of people throughout the world will show resilience to the profound loss, stress, and fear associated with COVID-19, the virus will likely exacerbate existing mental health disorders and contribute to the onset of new stress-related disorders for many. RECOMMENDATIONS: The field of traumatic stress should address the serious needs that will emerge now and well into the future. However, we propose that these efforts may be limited, in part, by ongoing gaps that exist within our research and clinical care. In particular, we suggest that COVID-19 requires us to prioritize and mobilize as a research and clinical community around several key areas: (a) diagnostics, (b) prevention, (c) public outreach and communication, (d) working with medical staff and mainstreaming into nonmental health services, and (e) COVID-19-specific trauma research. As members of our community begin to rapidly develop and test interventions for COVID-19-related distress, we hope that those in positions of leadership in the field of traumatic stress consider limits of our current approaches, and invest the intellectual and financial resources urgently needed in order to innovate, forge partnerships, and develop the technologies to support those in greatest need. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
494 citations