Author
Tamitza Toroyan
Bio: Tamitza Toroyan is an academic researcher from World Health Organization. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Injury prevention. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 10 publications receiving 2235 citations.
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TL;DR: The World Health Organization has just released the Global status report on road safety —the first broad assessment that describes the road safety situation in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardised survey, providing a benchmark that countries can use to assess their road safety position relative to other countries.
Abstract: The World Health Organization has just released the Global status report on road safety —the first broad assessment that describes the road safety situation in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardised survey. The results provide a benchmark that countries can use to assess their road safety position relative to other countries, while at the international level these findings can be considered as a “baseline”, against which regional and global level progress can be measured.
The questionnaire used for this survey was developed in consultation with an expert committee of road safety researchers and practitioners. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire, the content of which was based on the recommendations of the World report on road traffic injury prevention , developed by WHO, the World Bank and many other partners in 2004. The methodology used involved the identification of a National Data Coordinator in each country who identified up to seven other national road safety experts from multiple sectors who could complete the questionnaire. A consensus meeting was then held involving all …
2,386 citations
TL;DR: Training, prehospital systems, and overall system organization were the most commonly reported interventions and quality-improvement, costing, rehabilitation, and legislation and governance were relatively neglected areas.
Abstract: Injury is a leading cause of death globally, and organized trauma care systems have been shown to save lives. However, even though most injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), most trauma care research comes from high-income countries where systems have been implemented with few resource constraints. Little context-relevant guidance exists to help policy makers set priorities in LMICs, where resources are limited and where trauma care may be implemented in distinct ways. We have aimed to review the evidence on the impact of trauma care systems in LMICs through a systematic search of 11 databases. Reports were categorized by intervention and outcome type and summarized. Of 4,284 records retrieved, 71 reports from 32 countries met inclusion criteria. Training, prehospital systems, and overall system organization were the most commonly reported interventions. Quality-improvement, costing, rehabilitation, and legislation and governance were relatively neglected areas. Included reports may inform trauma care system planning in LMICs, and noted gaps may guide research and funding agendas.
105 citations
TL;DR: The first Global Status report on Road Safety was very useful in raising awareness and generating action at national and international levels and provided valuable information about how far countries had come since the publication of the World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention.
Abstract: Readers of Injury Prevention will be aware that the WHO launched the first ever report on the state of global road safety in 2009.1 At that time, a total of 178 countries took part in the survey, which revealed that approximately 1.23 million people in these countries died as a result of road traffic crashes in 2007. The first Global Status Report on Road Safety was very useful in raising awareness and generating action at national and international levels. It provided valuable information about how far countries had come since the publication of the World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention but also called for more action.2 The status report was recognised in UN General Assembly resolution A/64/255 which called for a Decade of Action (2011–2020) and invited WHO to continue producing regular status reports in order to monitor progress towards attaining the goals of the Decade.3
On 14 March 2013, WHO launched the Global Status Report on Road Safety—2013: Supporting a Decade of …
73 citations
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for improving data quality and availability to measure the progress of the Decade of Action, with developed and populated indicators for each pillar.
Abstract: The United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) was set up in 2004 in response to the recognised need for the United Nations (UN) system to encourage efforts to address the global road safety crisis. In 2010, the UN General Assembly Resolution 64/255 declared 2011-2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety with the overarching goal of stabilising and reducing the forecasted number of road traffic deaths by increasing activities at national, regional and global levels. In 2011, a Plan of Action for the Decade of Action, a tool to support the development of national and local plans of action, was launched. Countries are encouraged to implement activities according to the five pillars set out by the Plan of Action. The UNRSC, tasked to evaluate the overall impact of the Decade, developed and populated indicators for each pillar. Currently, 36 of 38 proposed indicators are populated by baseline data for 2010 from the second Global status report for road safety. However, gaps exist in data quality and availability on a global level. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving data quality and availability to measure the progress of the Decade of Action.
45 citations
TL;DR: The authors call for a two-fold approach to the problem: working to implement known methods of road safety at the same time as working to improve the databases of statistics on road injuries and deaths.
19 citations
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TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex, using the Cause of Death Ensemble model.
11,809 citations
TL;DR: A review of the evolution of methodological applications and available data in highway-accident research can be found in this article, where fruitful directions for future methodological developments are identified and the role that new data sources will play in defining these directions is discussed.
923 citations
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, College of Health Sciences, Bahrain2, Harvard University3, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology4, Charité5, Ahmadu Bello University6, University of the Philippines Manila7, Pontifical Xavierian University8, Madawalabu University9, World Bank10, Public Health Foundation of India11, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust12, Griffith University13, University of New South Wales14, Massey University15, University of Peradeniya16, University of Sydney17, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention18, Russian Academy of Sciences19, Tehran University of Medical Sciences20, Auckland University of Technology21, James Cook University22, Monash University23, University of California, San Francisco24, Arabian Gulf University25, Central South University26, Virginia Commonwealth University27, Jordan University of Science and Technology28, Health Services Academy29, Oregon Health & Science University30, University of Sheffield31, University at Albany, SUNY32, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust33, Swansea University34, University of York35, South African Medical Research Council36, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia37, Addis Ababa University38, Curtin University39, University of Washington40, Queensland University of Technology41, University of British Columbia42, Suez Canal University43, Karolinska Institutet44, University of Alabama at Birmingham45, An-Najah National University46, Tufts Medical Center47, Norwegian Institute of Public Health48, Stavanger University Hospital49, University of Cape Town50, University of California, Irvine51, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign52, St. John's University53, Johns Hopkins University54, Hanoi Medical University55, National Research University – Higher School of Economics56, University of Gondar57, University of Hong Kong58, Jackson State University59, Wuhan University60
TL;DR: An overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD is provided, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country.
Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country.
Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures.
Results In 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31% (UI 26% to 35%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries.
Conclusions Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made.
883 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed discussion of the unobserved heterogeneity in highway accident data and analysis is presented along with their strengths and weaknesses, as well as a summary of the fundamental issues and directions for future methodological work that address this problem.
843 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated user acceptance, worries, and willingness to buy partially, highly, and fully automated vehicles by means of a 63-question Internet-based survey, collected 5,000 responses from 109 countries (40 countries with at least 25 respondents).
Abstract: This study investigated user acceptance, worries, and willingness to buy partially, highly, and fully automated vehicles. By means of a 63-question Internet-based survey, we collected 5,000 responses from 109 countries (40 countries with at least 25 respondents). We determined cross-national differences, and assessed correlations with personal variables, such as age, gender, and personality traits as measured with a short version of the Big Five Inventory. Results showed that respondents, on average, found manual driving the most enjoyable mode of driving. Responses were diverse: 22% of the respondents did not want to pay more than $0 for a fully automated driving system, whereas 5% indicated they would be willing to pay more than $30,000 for it, and 33% indicated that fully automated driving would be highly enjoyable. 69% of respondents estimated that fully automated driving will reach a 50% market share between now and 2050. Respondents were found to be most concerned about software hacking/misuse, and were also concerned about legal issues and safety. More neurotic people were slightly less comfortable about data transmitting, whereas agreeable persons were slightly more comfortable with that. The more developed countries (in terms of accident statistics, education, and income) were less comfortable with their vehicle transmitting data, with cross-national correlations between ρ= -0.80 and ρ= -0.90. The present results indicate the major areas of promise and concern among the international public, and could be useful for vehicle developers and other stakeholders.
803 citations