This paper examines the security vulnerabilities and threats imposed by the inherent open nature of wireless communications and to devise efficient defense mechanisms for improving the wireless network security. We first summarize the security requirements of wireless networks, including their authenticity, confidentiality, integrity and availability issues. Next, a comprehensive overview of security attacks encountered in wireless networks is presented in view of the network protocol architecture, where the potential security threats are discussed at each protocol layer. We also provide a survey of the existing security protocols and algorithms that are adopted in the existing wireless network standards, such as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the long-term evolution (LTE) systems. Then, we discuss the state-of-the-art in physical-layer security, which is an emerging technique of securing the open communications environment against eavesdropping attacks at the physical layer. We also introduce the family of various jamming attacks and their counter-measures, including the constant jammer, intermittent jammer, reactive jammer, adaptive jammer and intelligent jammer. Additionally, we discuss the integration of physical-layer security into existing authentication and cryptography mechanisms for further securing wireless networks. Finally, some technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and the future trends in wireless security are discussed.

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A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances and Future Trends

As a complement to high-layer encryption techniques, physical layer security has been widely recognized as a promising way to enhance wireless security by exploiting the characteristics of wireless channels, including fading, noise, and interference. In order to enhance the received signal power at legitimate receivers and impair the received signal quality at eavesdroppers simultaneously, multiple-antenna techniques have been proposed for physical layer security to improve secrecy performance via exploiting spatial degrees of freedom. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on various multiple-antenna techniques in physical layer security, with an emphasis on transmit beamforming designs for multiple-antenna nodes. Specifically, we provide a detailed investigation on multiple-antenna techniques for guaranteeing secure communications in point-to-point systems, dual-hop relaying systems, multiuser systems, and heterogeneous networks. Finally, future research directions and challenges are identified.

A Survey on Multiple-Antenna Techniques for Physical Layer Security

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly spreading, reaching a multitude of different domains, including personal health care, environmental monitoring, home automation, smart mobility, and Industry 4.0. As a consequence, more and more IoT devices are being deployed in a variety of public and private environments, progressively becoming common objects of everyday life. It is hence apparent that, in such a scenario, cybersecurity becomes critical to avoid threats like leakage of sensible information, denial of service (DoS) attacks, unauthorized network access, and so on. Unfortunately, many low-end IoT commercial products do not usually support strong security mechanisms, and can hence be target of—or even means for—a number of security attacks. The aim of this article is to provide a broad overview of the security risks in the IoT sector and to discuss some possible counteractions. To this end, after a general introduction to security in the IoT domain, we discuss the specific security mechanisms adopted by the most popular IoT communication protocols. Then, we report and analyze some of the attacks against real IoT devices reported in the literature, in order to point out the current security weaknesses of commercial IoT solutions and remark the importance of considering security as an integral part in the design of IoT systems. We conclude this article with a reasoned comparison of the considered IoT technologies with respect to a set of qualifying security attributes, namely integrity, anonymity, confidentiality, privacy, access control, authentication, authorization, resilience, self organization.

IoT: Internet of Threats? A Survey of Practical Security Vulnerabilities in Real IoT Devices

The increased availability of data and recent advancements in artificial intelligence present the unprecedented opportunities in healthcare and major challenges for the patients, developers, providers and regulators. The novel deep learning and transfer learning techniques are turning any data about the person into medical data transforming simple facial pictures and videos into powerful sources of data for predictive analytics. Presently, the patients do not have control over the access privileges to their medical records and remain unaware of the true value of the data they have. In this paper, we provide an overview of the next-generation artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies and present innovative solutions that may be used to accelerate the biomedical research and enable patients with new tools to control and profit from their personal data as well with the incentives to undergo constant health monitoring. We introduce new concepts to appraise and evaluate personal records, including the combination-, time- and relationship-value of the data. We also present a roadmap for a blockchain-enabled decentralized personal health data ecosystem to enable novel approaches for drug discovery, biomarker development, and preventative healthcare. A secure and transparent distributed personal data marketplace utilizing blockchain and deep learning technologies may be able to resolve the challenges faced by the regulators and return the control over personal data including medical records back to the individuals.

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Converging blockchain and next-generation artificial intelligence technologies to decentralize and accelerate biomedical research and healthcare.

Massive access, also known as massive connectivity or massive machine-type communication (mMTC), is one of the main use cases of the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks. A typical application of massive access is the cellular Internet of Things (IoT). Different from conventional human-type communication, massive access aims at realizing efficient and reliable communications for a massive number of IoT devices. Hence, the main characteristics of massive access include low power, massive connectivity, and broad coverage, which require new concepts, theories, and paradigms for the design of next-generation cellular networks. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of massive access design for B5G wireless networks. Specifically, we provide a detailed review of massive access from the perspectives of theory, protocols, techniques, coverage, energy, and security. Furthermore, several future research directions and challenges are identified.

Tang Ming . Wei Lian. Si Tuo Lin Si

Papers

Cryptography and Network Security - Principles and Practice