Author
Tania Lindsey
Bio: Tania Lindsey is an academic researcher from New Mexico Department of Health. The author has contributed to research in topics: Drug overdose & Strychnine poisoning. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 227 citations.
Topics: Drug overdose, Strychnine poisoning, Caffeine, Poison control
Papers
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TL;DR: Fatal caffeine overdoses in adults are relatively rare and require the ingestion of a large quantity of the drug, typically in excess of 5 g.
220 citations
TL;DR: The cause ofdeath was attributed to rodenticide poisoning, and the manner of death was suicide, and commercial strychnine-treated gopher pellets were found in the home.
Abstract: A 52-year-old male was discovered supine on his bed in a state of early decomposition. Commercial strychnine-treated gopher pellets were found in the home, and suicide notes were present at the scene. Biological fluids and tissues were tested for basic, acidic, and neutral drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of strychnine in heart and femoral blood were 0.96 and 0.31 mg/L, respectively. Vitreous fluid, bile, urine, liver, and brain specimens contained 0.36 mg/L, 1.17 mg/L, 2.92 mg/L, 4.59 mg/kg, and 0.86 mg/kg strychnine, respectively. No other drugs were detected in any of the samples. The cause of death was attributed to rodenticide poisoning, and the manner of death was suicide.
17 citations
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TL;DR: Several studies suggest that energy drinks may serve as a gateway to other forms of drug dependence, and regulatory implications concerning labeling and advertising, and the clinical implications for children and adolescents are discussed.
910 citations
TL;DR: The present review summarizes the main findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action, use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects, and suggests that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative.
Abstract: Caffeine use is increasing worldwide. The underlying motivations are mainly concentration and memory enhancement and physical performance improvement. Coffee and caffeine-containing products affect the cardiovascular system, with their positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and the central nervous system, with their locomotor activity stimulation and anxiogenic-like effects. Thus, it is of interest to examine whether these effects could be detrimental for health. Furthermore, caffeine abuse and dependence are becoming more and more common and can lead to caffeine intoxication, which puts individuals at risk for premature and unnatural death. The present review summarizes the main findings concerning caffeine's mechanisms of action (focusing on adenosine antagonism, intracellular calcium mobilization, and phosphodiesterases inhibition), use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects. It also suggests that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative, since doses below the toxic and/or lethal range may play a causal role in intoxication or death. This could be due to caffeine's interaction with other substances or to the individuals' preexisting metabolism alterations or diseases.
329 citations
TL;DR: Why children and adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of caffeine, and to propose how caffeine consumption within this population may potentiate the rewarding properties of other substances are proposed.
302 citations
TL;DR: Many qualitative differences of cocoa and chocolate are reviewed, aiming to establish the different implications for public health through the use of the analyzed concentration of polyphenols in cocoa products.
219 citations
TL;DR: A substantial and rapidly growing proportion of college students use energy drinks, and energy drink users tend to have greater involvement in alcohol and other drug use and higher levels of sensation seeking, relative to nonusers of energy drinks.
Abstract: Objectives:This longitudinal study examined the prevalence and correlates of energy drink use among college students, and investigated its possible prospective associations with subsequent drug use, including nonmedical prescription drug use.Methods:Participants were 1060 undergraduates from a large
211 citations