Tapobrata P

Bio: Tapobrata P is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Monascus purpureus & Lovastatin. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 5 citations.

Cellular Localization and Production of Lovastatin from Monascus purpureus

Abstract: Lovastatin is the first FDA-approved antihypercholesterolemic drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with pleiotropic clinical applications. Monascus purpureus is one of the safest molds for the production of lovastatin that has been used in the preparation of Chinese medicine Red-Yeast Rice. This investigation dealt with the effect of both static and dynamic culture conditions on the morphological change and localization of lovastatin in Monascus purpureus. In dynamic culture condition, pellet morphology was observed and the maximum intra- and extra-cellular components of lovastatin including both β-hydroxy acid and lactone forms were found to be 1043.45 and 207.94 μg/l, respectively. Filamentous (mat) form of morphology was observed in the static culture condition and the intra- and extracellular concentration of lovastatin were 677.9 and 789.2 μg/l. Taguchi’s L12 (112) orthogonal arrays was employed to find optimal conditions for the submerged production of lovastatin and for the growth of Monascus purpureus. Three physical and five chemical variables were considered in the current experimental study. The maximum production of lovastatin was observed to be 3.66 mg/l. Among the chemical parameters, MnSO4 and MgSO4 were the most significant parameters for the production of lovastatin. Physical parameters, viz., agitation rate and temperature, were also equally significant to that of medium constituents for the production of lovastatin. The significance of the variables on the biomass growth was just opposite to that the results of lovastatin production. Ammonium chloride was the most significant parameter among the variables studied for the growth of M. purpureus, followed by glucose and phosphorous sources (KH2PO4). Statistical analysis showed that those parameters were significant with more than 99 % confidence (p<0.01).

Monacolin K,A New Hypocholesterolemic Agent Produced by A Monascus Species

Abstract: Sir: In previous papers from our laboratory, ML236B, a metabolite of Penicillium citrinum that was isolated as an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis1), was shown to have hypocholesterolemic activity in several animal species2,3). Further work in this laboratory to search for microbial metabolites having cholesterol-lowering activity led to the isolation of a new active compound (designated as monacolin K) produced by a Monascus species. The present paper describes isolation, physical and chemical properties and hypocholesterolemic effects of monacolin K. The strain of Monascus employed in the production of monacolin K, which was isolated from a food sample collected in Thailand, was classified as Monascus ruber and designated as Monascus ruber No. 1005. M. ruber No. 1005 was grown aerobically at 28°C in a medium containing 6% glucose, 2.5 % peptone, 0.5 % corn steep liquor (Corn Products Co., U.S.A.) and 0.5% ammonium chloride for 10 days. From the culture filtrate (5 liters), monacolin K was extracted with 5 liters of ethyl acetate at pH 3 and the extract was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The resultant pellet was dissolved in 100 ml of benzene and the insoluble materials were removed by filtration. The filtrate was washed twice with 100 ml of 5 % NaCO3 and then mixed with 100 ml of 0.2 N NaOH with stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The aqueous layers were pooled, adjusted to pH 3 with 6 N HCl and extracted twice with 100 ml of ethyl acetate. The solvent layer was collected and evaporated to dryness, giving 260 mg of an oily substance. This material was dissolved in a small volume of benzene, from which monacolin K was obtained as crystals. The compound was recrystallized from aqueous acetone, giving 87 mg of monacolin K as colorless crystals. Monacolin K melted at 157 159°C (dec.) and had a [a]2; value of +307.6° (c 1, methanol). The molecular formula, C24H3605 (Mw 404), was obtained by elemental analysis (Calcd.: C 71.31, H 8.91, O 19.78 %; Found C 71.56, H 8.85, 0 19.59%) and high resolution mass spectroscopy. The UV spectrum (methanol) showed maxima at 229, 237 and 246 nm (E,,., 550, 650 and 430, respectively) (Fig. 1). The IR spectrum (KBr) showed absorption bands at 3550, 2970, 1696 and 1220 cm -1 (Fig. 2). The 13C-NMR spectrum (CD3OD) indicated the presence of 2 ester carbonyl carbons (8 173.29 and 178.16), 4 methyl carbons (8 12.18, 14.13, 16.62 and 23.39) and methylene and methine carbons (Fig. 3). In addition to peaks at (m/e) 404 (M+), 302 (M102), 284 (M-120) and 224 (M-180), prominent peaks in the mass spectrum of monacolin K were observed at 198 (M-206), 172 (M-232), 159

An overview of Monascus fermentation processes for monacolin K production

Abstract: Abstract In Asia, Monascus has been used in food fermentation for nearly a thousand years. It has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its ability to produce a variety of important active substances such as monacolin K (MK) and pigments. MK is an effective drug widely used for lowering human blood cholesterol that functions by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Monascus strains, fermentation methods and fermentation conditions have significant effects on MK yield, and much research has been undertaken to obtain higher MK yields. In this paper, the research progress of Monascus strain breeding for high MK yield, medium optimization for MK production during Monascus fermentation, and optimization of fermentation process conditions are fully reviewed. This provides reference for future research on Monascus fermentation and industrial production for high-yield MK production.

Lovastatin production by an oleaginous fungus, Aspergillus terreus KPR12 using sago processing wastewater (SWW)

Abstract: Lovastatin is one of the first statins to be extensively used for its cholesterol-lowering ability. It is commercially produced by fermentation. Species belonging to the genus Aspergillus are well-studied fungi that have been widely used for lovastatin production. In the present study, we produced lovastatin from sago processing wastewater (SWW) under submerged fermentation using oleaginous fungal strains, A. terreus KPR12 and A. caespitosus ASEF14.The intra- and extracellular concentrations of lovastatin produced by A. terreus KPR12 and A. caespitosus ASEF14 were lactonized. Because A. caespitosus ASEF14 produced a negligible amount of lovastatin, further kinetics of lovastatin production in SWW was studied using the KPR12 strain for 9 days. Lovastatin concentrations in the intra- and extracellular fractions of the A. terreus KPR12 cultured in a synthetic medium (SM) were 117.93 and 883.28 mg L-1, respectively. However, these concentrations in SWW were 142.23 and 429.98 mg L-1, respectively. The yeast growth inhibition bioassay confirmed the antifungal property of fungal extracts. A. terreus KPR12 showed a higher inhibition zone of 14 mm than the ASEF14 strain. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < 0.01) showed significant differences in the localization pattern, fungal strains, growth medium, and their respective interactions. The lovastatin yield coefficient values were 0.153 g g-1 on biomass (YLOV/X) and 0.043 g g-1 on the substrate, starch (YLOV/S). The pollutant level of treated SWW exhibited a reduction in total solids (TS, 59%), total dissolved solids (TDS, 68%), biological oxygen demand (BOD, 79.5%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 57.1%), phosphate (88%), cyanide (65.4%), and void of nutrients such as nitrate (100%), and ammonia (100%).The starch-rich wastewater serves as a suitable medium for A. terreus KPR12 for the production of lovastatin. It simultaneously decontaminates the sago processing wastewater, enabling its reuse for irrigation/recreation.