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Tarek H El-Metwally

Bio: Tarek H El-Metwally is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cancer & Microbiome. The author has co-authored 1 publications.
Topics: Cancer, Microbiome, Dysbiosis, Breast cancer

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of the oral microbial consortia and their interactions with the host in maintaining the human health and the pathogenesis of multiple cancers has gained much popularity in the scientific research community as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A healthy microbiome is important for human health because it exhibits a variety of functions in the human body wherein the microbiome dysbiosis can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer. Recent advances in technology and cost reduction of sequencing have made it possible and much easier for researchers to investigate the role of the microbiome in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, modulation of microflora may serve as an effective adjunct to conventional anticancer therapy that is very important to improve the patient’s quality of life. Additionally, microbiome biomarkers can also be used as a diagnostic tool for cancer. So far the association between oral microbial consortia and their interactions with the host in maintaining the human health and the pathogenesis of multiple cancers has gained much popularity in the scientific research community. While the interactions of oral microflora are better established in cancer- like gastric cancer, it is far less understood in others like breast cancer. Therefore, this review briefly outlines the current information on the role of oral microbiota in breast cancer with emphasis on the mechanisms of oral microflora induced carcinogenesis and discusses the emerging role of periodontitis as a risk factor for breast cancer. Clinical relevance; Periodontitis is a very common disease that is characterized by chronic polymicrobial infection and inflammation of gingiva. It might be associated as a risk factor for breast cancer. If this association is validated in large cohort studies, it would serve as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer.

4 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic search in The Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, EBSCO, NCBI, and MEDLINE databases was undertaken from the 1st January, 1983 to 31st March, 2022 as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Introduction Breast cancer is the world's most prevalent malignancy, with an increasing incidence and a predisposition for postpubertal females from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds. More recently, oral Fusobacterium nucleatum species have been observed in cancerous human breast tissue, drawing attention to the role of microbes in cancer pathogenesis. Objectives Investigating oral Fusobacterium nucleatum species as potential biomarkers for female-specific breast cancer. Methods A systematic search in The Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, EBSCO, NCBI, and MEDLINE databases was undertaken from the 1st January, 1983–31st March, 2022. Articles included were in English and based on women between the ages of 18–96 years with confirmed gingivitis/periodontal disease and breast cancer diagnoses from registered specialists. Authors extracted data independently, and a meta-analysis of risk estimations measuring associations between oral Fusobacterium nucleatum species and female-specific breast cancer was elucidated via calculated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Results AXIS tool analysis revealed 78.70% of articles with a positive correlation between oral Fusobacterium nucleatum and female-specific breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer development increased with significant levels of oral Fusobacterium nucleatum due to gingivitis/periodontitis (relative risk = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.63–1.91). Low-moderate statistical heterogeneity was found (I2 = 41.39%; P = 0.02), and the importance of periodontal status on breast cancer pathogenesis was determined (relative risk = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.30). Conclusions Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum species are a risk factor for breast cancer development, thus elevating their biomarker potentiality.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although there was a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of tissue invasion in gastric cancer and the occurrence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratins, there was no association with the degree of tissue differentiation and lymph node involvement in Gastric cancer.
Abstract: Determining the prognosis of gastric cancer is the most crucial step in the treatment process. Cytokeratins are intermediate filaments found in the intracellular structure of epithelial tissues. Recent researches have focused on determining the relationship between the expression of cytokeratins and the degree and prognosis of tumors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 in patients with gastric carcinoma with factors influencing the prognosis. In this regard, the study was conducted cross-sectional. The expression of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 was evaluated on 50 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens with different degrees of differentiation by the immunohistochemical method. We determined the relationship between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 with factors affecting the prognosis of patients, including the degree of differentiation of gastric cancer tissue, lymph node involvement, and the depth of tumor invasion. Data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and Spearman tests. The results showed a statistically inverse relationship between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 with the degree of tissue differentiation and lymph node involvement in gastric cancer. Although there was a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of tissue invasion in gastric cancer and the incidence of cytokeratin-7, there was no association between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and tissue invasion. In general, decreased cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 are associated with decreased tissue differentiation and increased lymph node involvement.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluating the expression of the PI3k gene in breast cancer showed that PI3K expression was significantly increased in breast tumor tissues compared to non-tumor tissues, and increasedPI3k expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer, so that PI2k may be useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and prog outlook of people with the disease.
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3k), which regulates various cellular signaling pathways, is often elevated in human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the PI3k gene in breast cancer. In this case-control study, 40 paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer and 40 adjacent non-tumor tissues were examined. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the relative expression of the gene was obtained using the real-time-PCR method and evaluated by the 2-ΔΔCT method. Also, the association of gene expression with clinical factors and survival rate was investigated. Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 22), t-test, and ANOVA. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that PI3k expression was significantly increased in breast tumor tissues compared to non-tumor tissues (p = 0001). Consistent with these results, PI3k expression was associated with metastasis (p = 0.008) and high tumor grade (p = 0.01). In addition, increasing PI3k expression decreased overall survival compared to its low expression (p = 0.03). In general, PI3k plays a tumor-enhancing role in the progression of breast cancer. In addition, increased PI3k expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer, so that PI3k may be useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of people with the disease. However, further investigation is needed to substantiate this claim.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Oct 2022-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The study hypothesis was partly confirmed by showing a statistically significant association between periodontitis and any cancer, and no statistically significant difference was found between the observed and the calculated distribution of any cancer in gingivitis groups.
Abstract: We investigated the associations between periodontal inflammation (gingivitis and periodontitis) and all-kind malignancies, specifically breast and prostate cancer, in a cohort followed-up for 30 years. The study hypothesis was based on the oral inflammation vs. systemic health paradigm. A sample of 2,168 subjects from an original cohort of 105,718 individuals from the greater Stockholm area in Sweden that had been followed since 1985 was investigated. Swedish national health registers were used in the study. Chi-square tests and logistic multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results showed that periodontitis was significantly associated with any cancer after adjusting for gender, age, income, and education (p = 0.015). The probability of getting cancer increased on average by 38% if the patient had periodontitis vs. had not; the odds ratio was 1.380 (95% confidence interval l.066-1.786). No significant association was observed between periodontitis and breast cancer (p = 0.608), while the association between periodontitis and prostate cancer tended towards significance (p = 0.082). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the observed and the calculated distribution of any cancer in gingivitis groups (p = 0.079). Thus, the study hypothesis was partly confirmed by showing a statistically significant association between periodontitis and any cancer.