Objective: We aimed to investigate whether there is a predisposition to COVID-19 with ABO and Rh blood group systems Methods: The clinical data of 455 patients with COVID-19 seen between April 17, 2020 and June 30, 2020 at the Necip Fazil City Hospital were retrospectively analyzed studied The differences in the ABO blood group distribution between COVID-19 patients and the control group (7844 cases) were analyzed Results: The percentage of patients with type O blood in the COVID-19 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (29 7% vs 35 6%, p = 0 009) The percentage of patients with type A and B blood in the COVID-19 set was higher than in the control group however, there were no significant difference, respectively (44 4% vs 40 8%, 19 3% vs 16 6%, p = 0 134, p=0 123) Patients with blood group O had a lower risk of COVID- 19 than A, B blood group patients (respectively;OR = 0 732, OR=0 594, p = 0 023, p=0 001) The risk of COVID-19 was higher for patients with blood groups A and B than with a blood group O (OR = 1 365, OR= 1 684, p = 0 023, p=0 001) The Rh blood group phenotype was not statistically significant in determining a patient's vulnerability Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that while the blood group O had a low risk an decreased risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2, whereas blood group A and B was associated related with a increased risk, indicating that certain specific ABO blood groups were connected correlated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility

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Relationship of ABO Blood Groups to SARS-COV-2 Infection Causing COVID-19 Disease

ABO phenotype and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Is there any correlation?

A large proportion of COVID-19 research has been focused on identifying markers of high-risk individuals. However, this research often fails to consider basic epidemiologic concepts to prevent bias in the design, selection, and analysis of observational data. One suspected marker of risk that has been repeatedly assessed is ABO blood type. Given the ease of measuring this biomarker, it is an appealing target for identifying high-risk individuals. However, this same ease of measurement makes associational research on ABO blood type and COVID prone to a range of common epidemiologic errors. We conducted a systematic review of studies assessing correlations between ABO blood type and COVID incidence, hospitalization, and mortality to determine the quality of evidence these studies provide and whether the overall evidence suggests ABO blood type could provide a useful indicator of COVID risk. We conclude that most existing studies are low quality and suffer from major methodological flaws. The few higher-quality studies which do exist find no association between ABO blood type and COVID outcomes. We conclude that there is no evidence to support the use of ABO blood type as a marker for COVID risk or severity. Key PointsO_LIThere is no sufficient evidence to conclude a biological relationship between ABO blood types and COVID-19 infection or severity. C_LIO_LIBiases of existing research could be avoided by careful study design. C_LI

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Systematic review of the association between ABO blood type and COVID-19 incidence and mortality

Aim: Currently, it is still a matter of debate whether a particular blood types is associated with an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the ABO blood group types and mortality in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 427 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2020 and June 2020. SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid was investigated in the naso/oropharyngeal swab samples of the patients by polymerase chain reaction. The blood group types, clinical and demographic data of the cases were obtained from the hospital automation system and patient files. Results: The age range of the patients was between 18 and 96, and 53.4% (228/427) of them were male. The ABO blood group distribution was 47.1% A, 29.5% O, 15.9% B, 7.5% AB. The overall mortality rate of COVID-19 cases was 16.9%. COVID-19 mortality risks were not significant in any of the ABO blood group types. Conclusion: We did not find a significant relationship between blood group types and mortality in patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and received treatment and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Medical Bulletin of Haseki / Haseki Tip Bulteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Could the ABO Blood Group Types be Associated with COVID-19 Mortality?

The human blood is composed of 3 layers of humors when separated into its different components. The component that is clear, slightly yellow (plasma), the whitish viscous-like (buffy coat) and the red fluid (red cells). The plasma component is composed of proteins; however, it will not be discussed in this chapter. The buffy coat is composed of white blood cells and platelets. The white blood cells are composed of granulocytes and agranulocytes; all of which take part in immune defense. The granulocytes, including monocytes have non-specific immune response while agranulocytes, which include B and T cells have specific immune response. The platelets function to help maintain normal hemostasis during vascular injury. Blood group antigens are found on the surface of red cells and are composed of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. They are mostly inherited on autosomes with the exception of two which have been found to be inherited on the X chromosomes. With the advance of technology, some of their physiological functional roles have been elucidated. These include; structural integrity, cationic exchange, transporters, adhesion and receptor functions, and cell to cell communication. However, these mechanisms have been capitalized by infectious agents to gain entry to the human body causing disease. 

Human Blood

Introduction: Susceptibility to some infectious diseases has been associated with blood group phenotypes. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by a novel corona virus designated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has spread rapidly around the world. 
The objective of this study was to determine if the susceptibility or severity to COVID-19 was associated with ABO blood group distribution among the affected countries. 
Materials and methods: This retrospective study of COVID-19 disease was based on data from 105 countries collected on the 13th of April 2020 and analysed by SPSS software version 16.0. Spearman correlation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis test were used to assess for associations between ABO blood group with COVID-19. 
Results: The results indicated that individuals of blood group A are at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus and severity of COVID-19 disease. Blood groups B and O were less likely to be infected and the disease evolves less severe. 
Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to the host-parasite interactions that might contribute to susceptibility to these infections.

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ABO blood groups among Coronavirus disease 2019 patients

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Tasneem A. Alkout

Papers

ABO blood groups among Coronavirus disease 2019 patients

The impact and effectiveness of new coronavirus vaccine on disease outcome worldwide