Terttu Nevalainen

Bio: Terttu Nevalainen is an academic researcher from University of Helsinki. The author has contributed to research in topics: Early Modern English & Language change. The author has an hindex of 27, co-authored 106 publications receiving 2165 citations.

Historical Sociolinguistics Language Change in Tudor and Stuart England

Abstract: Preface List of Tables List of Figures Publisher's Acknowledgements 1. INTRODUCTION: ISSUES IN HISTORICAL SOCIOLINGUISTICS 1.1 Sociolinguistics Backprojection? 1.2 Contemporary Perceptions of Usage 1.3 Sociohistorical Reconstruction 1.4 Research Topics 2. SOCIOLINGUISTIC PARADIGMS AND LANGUAGE CHANGE 2.1 Sociolinguistic Paradigms 2.2 Descriptions and Explanations 2.3 Theoretical Pluralism 2.4 Theory in Historical Sociolinguistics 3. PRIMARY DATA: BACKGROUND AND INFORMANTS 3.1 Data in Historical Sociolinguistics 3.2 Generic and Temporal Concerns 3.3 Tudor and Stuart England 3.4 The Corpus of Early English Correspondence (CEEC) 4: REAL TIME 4.1 The S-Shaped Curve 4.2 Timing Linguistic Changes 4.3 Previous Studies 4.4 The Time Courses of Fourteen Changes 4.5 Conclusion 5: APPARENT TIME 5.1 Ongoing Change in Relation to Age 5.2 Apparent Time in Historical Research 5.3 Previous Studies 5.4 Age Cohorts and Individual Participation in Ongoing Changes 5.5 Conclusion Appendix 5.1: The informants for Figure 5.1. Subject YOU vs. YE Appendix 5.2. Informants for Figure 5.2. 3rd sg -s VS. -TH Appendix 5.3. Informants for Figure 5.3. Which Vs. the Which Chapter 6. GENDER 6.1 The Gender Paradox 6.2 Historical Reconstruction 6.3 Previous Studies 6.4 Gender and Real-Time Linguistic Change 6.5 Conclusion 7. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 7.1 Social Order in Sociolinguistics 7.2 Reconstructing Social Order 7.3 Previous Studies 7.4 Social Order in Language Change 7.5 Conclusion 8. REGIONAL VARIATION 8.1 Regional Dialects in England Today 8.2 Reconstructing Regional Differences in Tudor and Stuart England 8.3 Previous Empirical Studies 8.4 Regional Variation and Late Middle and Early Modern English 8.5 Conclusion 9. HISTORICAL PATTERNING OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION 9.1 Modelling Variability 9.2 Modelling Sociolinguistic Variation Historically 9.3 Previous Empirical Studies 9.4 VARBRUL Analyses of Five Historical Changes 9.5 Summary and Conclusions 10. CONCLUSION 10.1 The Changes in Retrospect 10.2 The Principle of Contingency 10.3 Uninterrupted Continuity of Change? Appendix I: Methodology: how to Count Occurrences Appendix II: Numerical Information Appendix III: The Letter Collections References Author Index Subject Index

History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics

Abstract: The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

The diffusion of language change in real time: Progressive and conservative individuals and the time depth of change

Abstract: A major issue in the study of language change is the degree to which individual speakers participate in ongoing linguistic changes as these progress over time. In this study, we examine the hypothesis, suggested by research based on the apparent-time model, that in any given period most people are neither progressive nor conservative with regard to ongoing changes, but rather fall between these polarities. Our data come from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence, which spans over 270 years. A computational model was developed to establish which language users were progressive and which conservative with respect to several ongoing changes that progressed in real time between the early 15th and late 17th centuries. The changes studied ranged from morpheme replacements to more abstract structural patterns. Our results indicate that the degree to which language users participated in changes in progress depended on the type of language change analyzed, the stage of development of the change, and the rate of diffusion of the process over time. The model also enabled the identification of groups of leaders of linguistic change in Tudor and Stuart England.

An Introduction to Early Modern English

Abstract: 1. The Early Modern English Period 2. Sources for the Study of Early Modern English 3. Towards a Standard Language 4. Old Words and Loan Words 5. Word-Formation and Semantic Change 6. Nouns and Pronouns 7. Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs 8. Syntactic Structures 9. Changing Pronunciation 10. Language in the Community.

Analyzing linguistic data: a practical introduction to statistics using R

Abstract: The complete title of this book runs ‘Analyzing Linguistic Data: A Practical Introduction to Statistics using R’ and as such it very well reflects the purpose and spirit of the book. The author guides the reader in about 350 pages from descriptive and basic statistical methods over classification and clustering to (generalised) linear and mixed models. Each of the methods is introduced in the context of concrete linguistic problems and demonstrated on exciting datasets from current research in the language sciences. In line with its practical orientation, the book focuses primarily on using the methods and interpreting the results. This implies that the mathematical treatment of the techniques is held at a minimum if not absent from the book. In return, the reader is provided with very detailed explanations on how to conduct the analyses using R [1]. The first chapter sets the tone being a 20-page introduction to R. For this and all subsequent chapters, the R code is intertwined with the chapter text and the datasets and functions used are conveniently packaged in the languageR package that is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). With this approach, the author has done an excellent job in enabling researchers and students alike to reproduce the analyses and learn by doing. Another quality as a textbook is the fact that every chapter ends with Workbook sections where the user is invited to exercise his or her analysis skills on supplemental datasets. Full solutions including code, results and comments are given in Appendix A (30 pages). Instructors are therefore very well served by this text, although they might want to balance the book with some more mathematical treatment depending on the target audience. After the introductory chapter on R, the book opens on graphical data exploration. Chapter 3 treats probability distributions and common sampling distributions. Under basic statistical methods (Chapter 4), distribution tests and tests on means and variances are covered. Chapter 5 deals with clustering and classification. Strangely enough, the clustering section has material on PCA, factor analysis, correspondence analysis and includes only one subsection on clustering, devoted notably to hierarchical partitioning methods. The classification part deals with decision trees, discriminant analysis and support vector machines. The regression chapter (Chapter 6) treats linear models, generalised linear models, piecewise linear models and a substantial section on models for lexical richness. The final chapter on mixed models is particularly interesting as it is one of the few text book accounts that introduce the reader to using the (innovative) lme4 package of Douglas Bates which implements linear mixed-effects models. Moreover, the case studies included in this

「会話の文法」に関する一考察 : Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written Englishの場合

Abstract: Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English March 13th, 2019 These tell us what choices are available in the grammar but we also need to understand how these choices are used to create discourse in different situations The year 1999 saw the publication of a large scale grammar of English with the aim of meeting the above needs the Longman ielts house net, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english roffel, longman student grammar of spoken and written english pdf, longman grammar of spoken and written english libros, longmans student grammar of spoken and written english, english longman grammar of spoken and written eng free, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english pdf web, lms2 vu edu pk, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english wikipedia, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, download pdf longman grammar of spoken and written, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english amazon co, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english edoc pub, the languagelab library longman student grammar of, longman grammar of spoken and written english scribd, longman grammar of spoken and written english free, the longman grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english epdf tips, grammars of spoken english new outcomes of corpus, longman grammar of spoken and written english tesl ej, book reviews longman grammar of spoken and written english, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english worldcat org, douglas biber et al longman grammar of spoken and, project muse longman grammar of spoken and written, longman grammar of spoken and written english oxford, 9780582237261 longman student grammar of spoken and, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, pdf longman grammar of spoken and written english, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english google books, student grammar of spoken and written english workbook, longman grammar of spoken and written english goodreads, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman student grammar of spoken and written english le, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman grammar of spoken and written english co construction, longman student grammar of spoken and written english, longman student grammar of spoken and written english by, longman student grammar of spoken and written english workbook, longman grammar of spoken and written english douglas

Regularity in Semantic Change

Abstract: List of figures Preface and acknowledgements Conventions List of abbreviations 1. The framework 2. Prior and current work on semantic change 3. The development of modal verbs 4. The development of adverbials with discourse marker function 5. The development of performative verbs and constructions 6. The development of social deictics 7. Conclusion Primary references Secondary references Index of languages Index of names Index of subjects.

사회언어학(Sociolinguistics)의 이론과 전개

Abstract: Kim, Hyesouk. 2004. Theories and Developments of Sociolinguistics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(1). The purpose of this article is to understand a current status of sociolinguistics by reviewing previous studies and attempting to see the future of the discipline as linguistics. As Milroy and Milroy (1990:485) have defined, sociolinguistics is "the study of language as it is used by real speakers in social and situational contexts of use." It has four characteristics. (1)Those who study sociolinguistics are linguists but they have great interests in adding social variables to pure linguistics. Sociolinguists believe that criteria of correct language usage be based upon not only pure grammatical standards but also societal norms in terms of its relevance and general acceptance. (2)The goal of sociolinguistics is to identify a co-variance between language and society and to establish a theory of language performance. (3)Sociolinguistics regards synchronical and diachronical traits as an identical frame. (4)Sociolingustics pays attention to language usage in societal contexts and extends language competence, which is the main subject of pure linguistics, to communicative competence. D. Hymes predicts that the core areas of linguistics is actually sociolinguistics and, thus, the prefix 'socio' will not be necessary. Although we still have that prefix, it is true that sociolingusitics has already had its own identity and is growing rapidly as an independent discipline. In conclusion, this paper argues that sociolinguistics will receive more attention from linguists and play a key role in linguistics by explaining variation in language more systematically, and by interpreting and eliminating language conflict in everyday life.