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Teruaki Shimazu

Bio: Teruaki Shimazu is an academic researcher from Gifu University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ventilation (architecture) & Somatic embryogenesis. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 16 publications receiving 84 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results support that oxygen-enriched aeration provides oxygen to the low oxygen areas in somatic embryo and the production of cotyledonary-stage embryos was directly related to oxygen concentration.
Abstract: To evaluate the relationship between somatic embryogenesis and dissolved oxygen concentration, somatic embryo cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were cultured under various dissolved oxygen concentration levels (bubble free aeration with 4%, 7%, 20%, 30%, and 40% oxygen in flasks). The system used allows dissolved oxygen concentration control without bubble aeration or mixing speed modification. The total number of somatic embryos was not affected by the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration tested. Even if globular-stage embryos were induced at a low level of oxygen aeration, heart-stage embryo formation was still repressed. Oxygen enrichment (20%, 30% and 40% oxygen) enhanced torpedo and cotyledonary-stage embryo production. The oxygen-enriched aeration was effective in promoting the growth of the late developmental stages. Sugar consumption did not increase when the oxygen concentration was enriched above the ambient level. The number of heart-stage embryos increased as oxygen concentration increased up to the 7% level, while above the 20% level no change in production was observed. The production of cotyledonary-stage embryos was directly related to oxygen concentration. These results support that oxygen-enriched aeration provides oxygen to the low oxygen areas in somatic embryo. After the heat-stage embryos, which were grown at the 7% level were transferred to a flask with ambient, they developed an elongated root part and eventually grew to normal plantlets.

25 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The light environment, such as light intensity, light quality, and photoperiod plays an important role in plants and affects their photomorphogenic development, which includes seed germination, shoot architecture, and flowering.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is one of the most important cut flowers and has the highest consumption in the world. As a short-day plant (SDP), wild type chrysanthemums flower in autumn under natural conditions. In other words, it flowers when night length exceeds a critical dark-period. Interruption of the dark period by a brief light treatment (night break, NB) prevents flowering in SDPs. Currently, in order to inhibit early flowering and increase its shoot length from autumn to winter; chrysanthemum growers apply NB lighting using incandescent (INC) lamps. INC lamps have very low electrical to light energy transformation efficiency. Now, in order to save energy, the Japanese government has decided to halt the manufacture and selling of INC lamps. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new light source that can be used in agriculture as an alternative to INC lamps. The light environment, such as light intensity, light quality, and photoperiod, plays an important role in plants and affects their photomorphogenic development, which includes seed germination, shoot architecture, and flowering (Quail, 2002; Cerdán and Chory, 2003; Takano et al., 2009). Photoperiod has a marked influence on reproductive growth and regulates the flowering of plants. Flowering plants can be classified into three groups depending on their responses to the photoperiod: long-day plants, SDPs, and day-neutral plants (Thomas and VincePrue, 1997). The light signal is perceived by the photoreceptors of plants, such as phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins, and the day-length is measured by the circadian clock (Srikanth and Schmid, 2011). Phytochromes are mainly photoreceptors of red (R) and farred (FR) light and are encoded by three genes PHYA-PHYC in rice (Oryza sativa), an SDP (Takano et al., 2005). Phytochrome A (phyA) mediates FR light (Mockler et al., 2003), while Phytochrome B (phyB) mediates R light and inhibits flowering in rice (Ishikawa et al., 2009). Plants regulate their flowering by transducing the light signal into the circadian clock that controls the CONSTANS (CO) protein, a promoter activating the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which encodes a florigen under inductive conditions (Kobayashi et al., 1999; Kardailsky et al., 1999; Yanovsky and Kay, 2002; Corbesier et al., 2007). NB treatment inhibits flowering in rice, but the effect is reversed in the phyB mutant (Ishikawa et al., 2005). Thus, phytochromes are involved in the NB effect on flowering. When phytochromes perceive different wavelengths of light, plants reveal distinct physiological responses. Therefore, light qualities of NB also have different effects on flowering (Kadman-Zahavi and Ephrat, 1972). Recently, it has become expected that LED lamps, which

21 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study investigated the differences in the effects of NB treatment with LED lamps emitting various wavelength of light on the initiation of flower bud differentiation or growth rate of flower buds in chrysanthemum.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a major commercial cut flower produced year round worldwide (USDA, 2009; Flora Holland, 2014). In Japan in 2013, the annual shipping volume of cut chrysanthemum flowers was 1.6 billion, making up approximately 39% of the total shipping volume of cut flowers (MAFF of Japan, 2014). As chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, growers have been using techniques such as shading in summer or night-break (NB) treatment from autumn to spring in order to regulate its flowering for year-round production (NARO Institute of Floricultural Science, 2012). Incandescent lamps are used for NB treatment because of their good inhibitory effect (Hakuzan and Kooriyama, 2013). Although inexpensive, incandescent lamps require substantial amounts of electricity. The Japanese government recently decided to restrict the manufacture and sales of incandescent lamps to save energy, reduce emissions, and thus mitigate climate change (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, 2008). Therefore, a new light source for NB treatment is required. Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps have the advantages of low electricity consumption, high efficiency, and long lifespan. However, as LED lamps emit single-wavelength light in contrast to the wide wavelengths of sunlight and incandescent lamps, their effects on plant growth are not entirely clear. Phytochrome is a plant photoreceptor that plays an important role in photomorphogenesis (Quail, 2002; Mockler et al., 2003; Nagatani, 2004; Takano et al., 2009). Phytochromes have 2 forms: Pfr and Pr, which respond to red light (maximally at 660 nm) and far-red light (maximally at 725 735 nm), respectively (Briggs and Rice, 1972; Kelly and Lagarias, 1985; Lagarias et al., 1987). Pfr, the biologically active form of phytochrome, has an important role in the flowering inhibition of short-day plants as a result of NB treatment. Thus, NB treatments with red light exert a similar inhibitory effect on chrysanthemum flowering as incandescent lamps (Ishikura et al., 2009; Ohishi et al., 2010). Meanwhile, NB treatments with blue and far-red light do not inhibit flowering in chrysanthemum (Higuchi et al., 2012; Sumitomo et al., 2012). There are 4 flowering types of chrysanthemum: summer flowering, summer-autumn flowering, autumn flowering, and winter flowering (Kawada and Funakoshi, 1988). Because each flowering type exhibits different critical day length and genetic background, different flowering types may have different responses to NB treatment with LED lamps emitting different wavelengths. Accordingly, the response to NB treatment with LED lamps emitting various wavelengths on floral bud formation differs between the summer-autumn flowering-type chrysanthemum “Iwa no hakusen” and autumn flowering-type “Jimba” (Hakuzan and Nagayoshi, 2013). However, it remains unclear whether NB treatment with LED lamps affects the initiation of flower bud differentiation or growth rate of flower buds. Therefore, this study investigated the differences in the effects of NB treatment with LED lamps emitting various wavelength of light on the initiation of flower bud differen-

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Arai et al. as discussed by the authors investigated shoot elongation responses to different light qualities during NB treatment in chrysanthemums, as well as the relationship between different LED wavelengths and shoot length.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world. As chrysanthemum is a short-day (SD) plant, night-break (NB) treatment by incandescent (INC) lamps from autumn to spring is necessary for the year-round production of cut flowers. The INC lamp is an efficient light source for regulating flowering, because it emits light at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to over 800 nm. However, as a measure to prevent global warming, the Japanese government canceled the manufacture and sale of INC lamps. Therefore, the development of new light sources to replace INC lamps is a pressing need for the NB treatment of chrysanthemums. Fluorescent lamps not only are easily damaged, but also are not necessarily the optimal light source for NB treatment in chrysanthemums, because they are unsuitable for some chrysanthemum varieties, and flowering inhibition is incomplete (Cathey and Borthwick, 1970). LED lamps have recently been developed, and have the advantages over INC lamps of lower energy consumption and longer durability. LED lamps emit light over a narrow range of wavelengths, and are highly effective for photomorphogenesis, particularly at low light intensities (Ohishi et al., 2010). However, there have been few instances where NB treatment in chrysanthemums has been conducted using LEDs (Arai and Ohishi, 2010). Light quality and photoperiod regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, including stem elongation and flowering. Shoot elongation is affected by light wavelength; blue and far-red (FR) light have a positive effect (Hirai et al., 2006; Shimizu et al., 2008; Arai and Ohishi, 2010), whereas red (R) light has an inhibitory effect (Reid et al., 2002). Phytochromes are important light sensors in plants, and induce photomorphogenic responses. Their maximum absorption spectra are 668 nm and 730 nm, and the two forms (Pfr and Pr) respond to R light and FR light, respectively (Kelly and Lagarias, 1985; Lagarias et al., 1987). In this study, we investigated shoot elongation responses to different light qualities during NB treatment in chrysanthemums, as well as the relationship between different LED wavelengths and shoot elongation.

11 citations

Patent
05 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, a mobile working carriage equipped with a blower constituted so as to directly blow air mainly toward a worker by installing the blower in the mobile carriage for traveling and moving in the interior of the facility and carrying out operation.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an on-site mobile working carriage equipped with a blower constituted so as to directly blow air mainly toward a worker by installing the blower in the mobile working carriage for traveling and moving in the interior of the facility and carrying out operation. SOLUTION: The mobile working carriage 1 travels and moves in the interior of facilities such as greenhouse and vinyl house. In the mobile working carriage 1, the blower 11 which operates by using a battery 13 as an electric source is installed so that vertical height and horizontal angle and longitudinal angle of the blower 11 are each adjustable and air is blown mainly toward the worker, and preferably further, a solar panel 16 is installed so that the light-receiving direction and light-receiving angle are adjustable and electric power generated by the solar panel 16 is charged to the battery 13. The worker can comfortably be operated even in facilities in high-temperature/humid/calm state. The mobile working carriage can adequately be utilized even in facilities in mountainous areas in which commercial electrical wiring is not maintained. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

6 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an amalgamation of the recent research achievements in the horticulture and floriculture industry, ranging from greenhouse applications to climate rooms and vertical farming, is presented.

194 citations

Book
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Part 1: Machine Vision Evaluation of photosynthetic capacity in micropropagated plants by image analysis and physical Aspects of Plant Tissue Engineering Electrical control of plant morphogenesis.
Abstract: Part 1: Machine Vision Evaluation of photosynthetic capacity in micropropagated plants by image analysis/Y. Ibaraki Monitoring gene expression in plant tissues/J.J. Finer, S.L. Beck, M.T. Buenrostro-Nava, Y. Chi, P.P. Ling Applications and potentials of artificial neural networks in plant tissue culture/V.S.S. Prasad, S. Dutta Gupta Evaluation of plant suspension cultures by texture analysis/Y. Ibaraki Part 2: Bioreactor Technology Bioengineering aspects of bioreactor application in plant propagation/S. Takayama, M. Akita Agitated, thin-films of liquid media for efficient micropropagation/ J. Adelberg Design, development and applications of mist bioreactors for micropropagation and hairy root culture/M.J. Towler, Y. Kim, B.E. Wyslouzil, M.J. Correll, P.J. Weathers Bioreactor engineering for recombinant protein production using plant cell suspension culture/W.W. Su Types and designs of bioreactors for hairy root culture/Y-E Choi, Y-S Kim, K-Y Paek Oxygen transport in plant tissue culture systems/W.R. Curtis, A.L. Tuerk Temporary immersion bioreactor/F. Afteen Design and use of the wave bioreactor for plant cell culture/R. Eibl, D. Eibl Part 3: Mechanized Micropropagation Integrating automation technologies with commercial micropropagation/C.J. Sluis Machine vision and robotics for the separation and regeneration of plant tissue cultures/P.H. Heinemann, P.N. Walker Part 4: Engineering Cultural Environment Closed systems for high quality transplants using minimum resources/T. Kozai Aeration in plant tissue culture/S.M.A. Zobayed Tissue culture gel firmness: measurement and effects on growth/S.I. Cameron Effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on somatic embryogenesis/K. Kurata, T. Shimazu A commercialized photoautotrophic micropropagation system/T. Kozai, Y. Xiao Intelligent inverse analysis for temperature distribution in a plant culture vessel/H. Murase, T. Okayama, Suroso Part 5: Physical Aspects of Plant Tissue Engineering Electrical control of plant morphogenesis/C.G. Carmen The uses of ultrasound in plant tissue culture/V. Gaba, K. Kathiravan, S. Amutha, S. Singer, X. Xiaodi, G. Ananthakrishnan Acoustic characteristics of plant leaves using ultrasonic transmission waves/M. Fukuhara, S. Dutta Gupta, L. Okushima Physical and engineering perspectives of in vitro plant cryopreservation/E.E. Benson, J. Johnston, J. Muthusamy, K. Harding

112 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture are analyzed.
Abstract: Light quantity (intensity and photoperiod) and quality (spectral composition) affect plant growth and physiology and interact with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the plant behaviour. More than providing the energy for photosynthesis, light also dictates specific signals which regulate plant development, shaping and metabolism, in the complex phenomenon of photomorphogenesis, driven by light colours. These are perceived even at very low intensity by five classes of specific photoreceptors, which have been characterized in their biochemical features and physiological roles. Knowledge about plant photomorphogenesis increased dramatically during the last years, also thanks the diffusion of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which offer several advantages compared to the conventional light sources, such as the possibility to tailor the light spectrum and to regulate the light intensity, depending on the specific requirements of the different crops and development stages. This knowledge could be profitably applied in greenhouse horticulture to improve production schedules and crop yield and quality. This article presents a brief overview on the effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture. Particularly, we analysed these effects by approaching, when possible, each single-light waveband, as most of the review works available in the literature considers the influence of combined spectra.

110 citations