Author
Thanjira Jiranantakan
Bio: Thanjira Jiranantakan is an academic researcher from Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medical prescription & Illicit Substance. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 2 publications receiving 1 citations.
Topics: Medical prescription, Illicit Substance
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the impact of adulteration, substitution or contamination of illicit substances on clinical significance when other illicit substances are included, such circumstances can present as clusters of clusters.
Abstract: Adulteration, substitution or contamination of illicit substances can have clinically significant implications when other illicit substances are included. Such circumstances can present as clusters...
3 citations
Cited by
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of a literature search investigating the presence and proportion of serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) in drug checking (DC) samples.
Abstract: With the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances, drug checking (DC) services are challenged by an increasingly complex drug market. Considering the resumed scientific and public interest in serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) like LSD, psilocybin, and 2C-B, we present the results of a literature search investigating the presence and proportion of SPs in DC samples. In 15 identified reports, submission and detection rates of SPs were comparably low, but increasing. Samples contained considerable amounts of adulterations or analogues, mostly novel SPs with unknown toxicological profiles and in some cases potentially life-threatening effects. The detection of SPs, however, requires advanced analysis techniques currently not available to most DC services. Given the substantial proportion of novel SPs in DC samples and the associated risks, DC can be a valuable harm reduction and monitoring tool for SPs if analysis techniques with high sensitivity are employed.
2 citations
••
TL;DR: A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases and official international organizations' websites according to PRISMA guidelines was performed as discussed by the authors , where a total of 724 studies were initially screened, with 145 articles from PubMed and 462 from Scopus excluded according to the criteria described in the Method Section.
Abstract: Adulteration is a well-known practice of drug manufacturers at different stages of drug production. The intentional addition of active ingredients to adulterate the primary drug may enhance or mask pharmacological effects or may produce more potent drugs to increase the number of available doses and the dealer’s profit. Adulterants found in different drugs change over time in response to different factors. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases and official international organizations’ websites according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. A total of 724 studies were initially screened, with 145 articles from PubMed and 462 from Scopus excluded according to the criteria described in the Method Section. The remaining 117 records were further assessed for eligibility to exclude articles without sufficient data. Finally, 79 studies were classified as “non-biological” (n = 35) or “biological” (n = 35 case reports; n = 9 case series) according to the samples investigated. Although the seized samples analyses revealed the presence of well-established adulterants such as levamisole for cocaine or paracetamol/acetaminophen for heroin, the reported data disclosed new adulteration practices, such as the use of NPS as cutting agents for classic drugs of abuse and other NPS. For example, heroin adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids or cocaine adulterated with fentanyl/fentalogues raised particular concern. Notably, adulterants play a role in some adverse effects commonly associated with the primary drug, such as levamisole-adulterated cocaine that may induce vasculitis via an autoimmune process. It is essential to constantly monitor adulterants due to their changing availability that may threaten drug consumers’ health.