Theodore S. Rappaport

Bio: Theodore S. Rappaport is an academic researcher from New York University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Path loss & Multipath propagation. The author has an hindex of 112, co-authored 490 publications receiving 68853 citations. Previous affiliations of Theodore S. Rappaport include University of Waterloo & University of Texas at Austin.

Millimeter-Wave CMOS Antennas and RFIC Parameter Extraction for Vehicular Applications

Abstract: This paper reviews recent developments in vehicular radar at 60 GHz and above, with a focus on low cost integrated antennas. We investigate a number of radar and communication antenna systems that can be made inexpensively and in large volumes using standard CMOS semiconductor fabrication methods. As shown here, the electromagnetic characteristics of low cost CMOS processes are often not well understood when applied to mmWave and THz RF applications. Here, we describe several methodologies and measured results to understand electromagnetic behavior of integrated circuits and on-chip antenna performance in a 180nm CMOS process up to 67 GHz. By gaining understanding of the electrical characteristics of older, lower cost semiconductor CMOS processes, it becomes possible to design mmWave on-chip antennas and other passive devices at extremely low cost and with great reliability.

Wireless communications: Principles and practice, solutions manual

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High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS): Architecture and System Performance

Abstract: High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) has the potential to provide global wireless connectivity and data services such as high-speed wireless backhaul, industrial Internet of things (IoT), and public safety for large areas not served by terrestrial networks. A unified HAPS design is desired to support various use cases and a wide range of requirements. In this paper, we present two architecture designs of the HAPS system: i) repeater based HAPS, and ii) base station based HAPS, which are both viable technical solutions. The energy efficiency is analyzed and compared between the two architectures using consumption factor theory. The system performance of these two architectures is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and is characterized in metrics of spectral efficiency using LTE band 1 for both single-cell and multi-cell cases. Both designs can provide good downlink spectral efficiency and coverage, while the uplink coverage is significantly limited by UE transmit power and antenna gain. Using directional antennas at the UEs can improve the system performance for both downlink and uplink.

Cellular Radio and Personal Communications: Selected Readings

Abstract: From the Publisher: This collection of 40 articles will be invaluable to students, practicing engineers, and researchers. Leaders in the field give key information on fundamental system design, speech coding, cellular networking, modulation techniques, and standards in some of the most useful papers available.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior

Abstract: We develop and analyze low-complexity cooperative diversity protocols that combat fading induced by multipath propagation in wireless networks. The underlying techniques exploit space diversity available through cooperating terminals' relaying signals for one another. We outline several strategies employed by the cooperating radios, including fixed relaying schemes such as amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward, selection relaying schemes that adapt based upon channel measurements between the cooperating terminals, and incremental relaying schemes that adapt based upon limited feedback from the destination terminal. We develop performance characterizations in terms of outage events and associated outage probabilities, which measure robustness of the transmissions to fading, focusing on the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Except for fixed decode-and-forward, all of our cooperative diversity protocols are efficient in the sense that they achieve full diversity (i.e., second-order diversity in the case of two terminals), and, moreover, are close to optimum (within 1.5 dB) in certain regimes. Thus, using distributed antennas, we can provide the powerful benefits of space diversity without need for physical arrays, though at a loss of spectral efficiency due to half-duplex operation and possibly at the cost of additional receive hardware. Applicable to any wireless setting, including cellular or ad hoc networks-wherever space constraints preclude the use of physical arrays-the performance characterizations reveal that large power or energy savings result from the use of these protocols.

Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications

Abstract: Cognitive radio is viewed as a novel approach for improving the utilization of a precious natural resource: the radio electromagnetic spectrum. The cognitive radio, built on a software-defined radio, is defined as an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its environment and uses the methodology of understanding-by-building to learn from the environment and adapt to statistical variations in the input stimuli, with two primary objectives in mind: /spl middot/ highly reliable communication whenever and wherever needed; /spl middot/ efficient utilization of the radio spectrum. Following the discussion of interference temperature as a new metric for the quantification and management of interference, the paper addresses three fundamental cognitive tasks. 1) Radio-scene analysis. 2) Channel-state estimation and predictive modeling. 3) Transmit-power control and dynamic spectrum management. This work also discusses the emergent behavior of cognitive radio.

An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks

Abstract: Networking together hundreds or thousands of cheap microsensor nodes allows users to accurately monitor a remote environment by intelligently combining the data from the individual nodes. These networks require robust wireless communication protocols that are energy efficient and provide low latency. We develop and analyze low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), a protocol architecture for microsensor networks that combines the ideas of energy-efficient cluster-based routing and media access together with application-specific data aggregation to achieve good performance in terms of system lifetime, latency, and application-perceived quality. LEACH includes a new, distributed cluster formation technique that enables self-organization of large numbers of nodes, algorithms for adapting clusters and rotating cluster head positions to evenly distribute the energy load among all the nodes, and techniques to enable distributed signal processing to save communication resources. Our results show that LEACH can improve system lifetime by an order of magnitude compared with general-purpose multihop approaches.