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Thomas Gerrits

Other affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen
Bio: Thomas Gerrits is an academic researcher from National Institute of Standards and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Photon & Photonics. The author has an hindex of 38, co-authored 184 publications receiving 8562 citations. Previous affiliations of Thomas Gerrits include Radboud University Nijmegen.


Papers
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TL;DR: A Bell test is reported that closes the most significant of loopholes that provide loopholes for a local realist explanation of quantum mechanics, using a well-optimized source of entangled photons, rapid setting generation, and highly efficient superconducting detectors.
Abstract: Local realism is the worldview in which physical properties of objects exist independently of measurement and where physical influences cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Bell's theorem states that this worldview is incompatible with the predictions of quantum mechanics, as is expressed in Bell's inequalities. Previous experiments convincingly supported the quantum predictions. Yet, every experiment requires assumptions that provide loopholes for a local realist explanation. Here, we report a Bell test that closes the most significant of these loopholes simultaneously. Using a well-optimized source of entangled photons, rapid setting generation, and highly efficient superconducting detectors, we observe a violation of a Bell inequality with high statistical significance. The purely statistical probability of our results to occur under local realism does not exceed 3.74×10^{-31}, corresponding to an 11.5 standard deviation effect.

1,262 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs, ensuring that all relevant events in their Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements.
Abstract: We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10^{-9} for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10^{-7}. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.

1,201 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a fiber-coupled single-photon detection system using amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire detectors was developed, and the system detection efficiency was higher than 90% in the wavelength range between 1520 nm and 1610 nm.
Abstract: Researchers develop a fiber-coupled single-photon-detection system using amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The system detection efficiency is higher than 90% in the wavelength range between 1520 nm and 1610 nm. The device dark-count rate, timing jitter and reset time are 1 cps, 150 ps and 40 ns, respectively.

1,051 citations

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a fiber-coupled single-photon detection system using amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire detectors was developed, and the system detection efficiency was higher than 90% in the wavelength range between 1520 nm and 1610 nm.
Abstract: Researchers develop a fiber-coupled single-photon-detection system using amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The system detection efficiency is higher than 90% in the wavelength range between 1520 nm and 1610 nm. The device dark-count rate, timing jitter and reset time are 1 cps, 150 ps and 40 ns, respectively.

852 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
09 May 2013-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a highly efficient source of photon pairs and superconducting transition-edge sensors in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which all the main loopholes have been closed.
Abstract: The fair-sampling loophole is closed in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which all the main loopholes have been closed. So-called Bell experiments are used to discriminate between classical ('local realistic') and quantum models of measurable phenomena. In practice, they are subject to various loopholes (arising from non-ideal experimental conditions) that can render the results inconclusive. These authors used a highly efficient source of photon pairs and superconducting transition-edge sensors in a Bell inequality experiment that closes the 'fair-sampling' loophole for entangled photons. The results conflict with local realism, while making the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint—namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light1,2. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble3. To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell’s inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms4. Technical improvements of the photon source5,6 and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors7 were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments.

498 citations


Cited by
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[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Christopher M. Bishop1
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Probability distributions of linear models for regression and classification are given in this article, along with a discussion of combining models and combining models in the context of machine learning and classification.
Abstract: Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

10,141 citations