Trypanotolerace in West African cattle and the population genetic effects of selection

Molecular characteristics of insect vitellogenins

Advancing technologies have facilitated the ever-widening application of genetic markers such as microsatellites into new systems and research questions in biology. In light of the data and experience accumulated from several years of using microsatellites, we present here a literature review that synthesizes the limitations of microsatellites in population genetic studies. With a focus on population structure, we review the widely used fixation (FST) statistics and Bayesian clustering algorithms and find that the former can be confusing and problematic for microsatellites and that the latter may be confounded by complex population models and lack power in certain cases. Clustering, multivariate analyses, and diversity-based statistics are increasingly being applied to infer population structure, but in some instances these methods lack formalization with microsatellites. Migration-specific methods perform well only under narrow constraints. We also examine the use of microsatellites for inferring effective population size, changes in population size, and deeper demographic history, and find that these methods are untested and/or highly context-dependent. Overall, each method possesses important weaknesses for use with microsatellites, and there are significant constraints on inferences commonly made using microsatellite markers in the areas of population structure, admixture, and effective population size. To ameliorate and better understand these constraints, researchers are encouraged to analyze simulated datasets both prior to and following data collection and analysis, the latter of which is formalized within the approximate Bayesian computation framework. We also examine trends in the literature and show that microsatellites continue to be widely used, especially in non-human subject areas. This review assists with study design and molecular marker selection, facilitates sound interpretation of microsatellite data while fostering respect for their practical limitations, and identifies lessons that could be applied toward emerging markers and high-throughput technologies in population genetics.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.1305

Challenges in analysis and interpretation of microsatellite data for population genetic studies

3.9 – Hormonal Control of Reproductive Processes

The authors gratefully acknowledge the NASA/USDA jointly funded AG20/20 project for funding image acquisitions.

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Temporal and Spatial Relationships between within-field Yield variability in Cotton and High-Spatial Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery

Theories and analytical tools of population genetics have been widely applied for addressing various questions in the fields of ecological genetics, conservation biology, and any context where the role of dispersal or gene flow is important. Underlying much of population genetics is the analysis of variation at selectively neutral marker loci, and microsatellites continue to be a popular choice of marker. In recent decades, software programs to estimate population genetics parameters have been developed at an increasing pace as computational science and theoretical knowledge advance. Numerous population genetics software programs are presently available to analyze microsatellite genotype data, but only a handful are commonly employed for calculating parameters such as genetic variation, genetic structure, patterns of spatial and temporal gene flow, population demography, individual population assignment, and genetic relationships within and between populations. In this chapter, we introduce statistical analyses and relevant population genetic software programs that are commonly employed in the field of population genetics and molecular ecology.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1483&context=ent_pubs

Microsatellite Data Analysis for Population Genetics

Biosynthesis of Insect Yolk Protein Precursors: M. Takeda and A.S. Raikhel The Cell Biology of Insect Yolk Protein Precursors Yolk and the Secretory Pathway: A.S. Raikhel et al. Regulation of Yolk Protein Genes by Ecdysone: A.S. Raikhel et al. Regulation of Yolk Protein Genes in Higher Diptera: Mary Bownes Juvenile Hormone and Vitellogenin Gene Expression: Xavier Belles Regulation of Tissue-specificity of Yolk Protein Gene Expression: David Martin and A.S. Raikhel Receptor-mediated Endocytosis and Internalization Pathways of Yolk Proteins in Insects Oocytes: E. Snigievskaya and A.S. Raikhel Yolk Protein Receptors in Invertebrate Oocytes: A.S. Raikhel et al. Lipid Accumulation in Oocytes: Rick van Antwerpen et al. Non-Vitellin Yolk Proteins: H. Masuda and Pedro Oliviera Yolk Degrading Proteases: S. Takhashi and Y. Yamamoto Biochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects of Vitellin Utilization during Embryogenesis: Franco Giorgi and Jack Nordin

Progress in vitellogenesis

/pdf/prevalence-of-sporadic-insect-pests-of-seedling-corn-and-8ebesu7a75.pdf

Prevalence of Sporadic Insect Pests of Seedling Corn and Factors Affecting Risk of Infestation

First described from western Kansas, USA, the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is one of the worst pests of maize. The species is generally thought to be of Mexican origin and to have incidentally followed the expansion of maize cultivation into North America thousands of years ago. However, this hypothesis has never been investigated formally. In this study, the genetic variability of samples collected throughout North America was analysed at 13 microsatellite marker loci to explore precisely the population genetic structure and colonization history of D. v. virgifera. In particular, we used up-to-date approximate Bayesian computation methods based on random forest algorithms to test a Mexican versus a central-USA origin of the species, and to compare various possible timings of colonization. This analysis provided strong evidence that the origin of D. v. virgifera was southern (Mexico, or even further south). Surprisingly, we also found that the expansion of the species north of its origin was recent—probably not before 1100 years ago—thus indicating it was not directly associated with the early history of maize expansion out of Mexico, a far more ancient event.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1467&context=ent_pubs

Colonization history of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) in North America: insights from random forest ABC using microsatellite data

/pdf/frequency-and-abundance-of-selected-early-season-insect-4q4jo6im9l.pdf

Thomas W. Sappington

Papers

Microsatellite Data Analysis for Population Genetics

Progress in vitellogenesis

Prevalence of Sporadic Insect Pests of Seedling Corn and Factors Affecting Risk of Infestation

Colonization history of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) in North America: insights from random forest ABC using microsatellite data

Frequency and Abundance of Selected Early-Season Insect Pests of Cotton