Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology to link the biology of individual organisms to the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms take up, transform, and expend energy and materials, is the most fundamental biological rate. We have developed a quantitative theory for how metabolic rate varies with body size and temperature. Metabolic theory predicts how metabolic rate, by setting the rates of resource uptake from the environment and resource allocation to survival, growth, and reproduction, controls ecological processes at all levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere. Examples include: (1) life history attributes, including devel- opment rate, mortality rate, age at maturity, life span, and population growth rate; (2) population interactions, including carrying capacity, rates of competition and predation, and patterns of species diversity; and (3) ecosystem processes, including rates of biomass production and respiration and patterns of trophic dynamics. Data compiled from the ecological literature strongly support the theoretical predictions. Even- tually, metabolic theory may provide a conceptual foundation for much of ecology, just as genetic theory provides a foundation for much of evolutionary biology.

/pdf/toward-a-metabolic-theory-of-ecology-1dxmg8xr3n.pdf

Toward a metabolic theory of ecology

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to in situ U–Pb zircon geochronology

Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb

Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/326/5954/835.full.pdf

Shifts in Lake N:P Stoichiometry and Nutrient Limitation Driven by Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

There is an apparent gap between the prominence of present theoretical frameworks involving ecological thresholds and regime shifts, and the paucity of efforts to conduct simple tests and quantitative inferences on the actual appearance of such phenomena in ecological data. A wide range of statistical methods and analytical techniques are now available that render these questions tractable, some of them even dating back half a century. Yet, their application has been sparse and confined within a narrow subset of cases of ecological regime shifts. Our objective is to raise awareness on the range of techniques available, and to their principles and limitations, to promote a more operational approach to the identification of ecological thresholds and regime shifts.

/pdf/ecological-thresholds-and-regime-shifts-approaches-to-4p8l9as9o2.pdf

Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: approaches to identification.

The amounts of C, N, and P in relation to dry weight were measured in natural populations of crustacean zooplankton from a humic lake. The elemental composition within a given species showed little seasonal variation, and experimental starvation or feeding did not cause any significant changes in the P content. C constituted 48±1% of dry weight with only minor variation among species. The mean C : N : P atomic ratios reflected large interspecific differences in P and N content and ranged from 212 : 39 : 1 in Acanthodiaptomus denticornis to 85 : 14 : 1 in Daphnia longispina. Comparisons with published measurements indicate that this pattern is quite general and probably constitutional. These findings suggest that the species composition of the zooplankton community can have strong influence on the N : P ratio of recycled nutrients and thereby affect resource competition between phytoplankton species.

https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0807

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of freshwater zooplankton

http://gemoc.mq.edu.au/TerraneChronpds/375%20Andersen.pdf

Tom Andersen

Papers

Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb

Shifts in Lake N:P Stoichiometry and Nutrient Limitation Driven by Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: approaches to identification.

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of freshwater zooplankton

Detrital zircons as tracers of sedimentary provenance: Limiting conditions from statistics and numerical simulation