In this slender volume Mrs. Klein has set herself the task of exploring the earliest sources of two attitudes—envy and gratitude. Using poetic illustrations, as well as her own psychoanalytic language, she draws a clear and intricate picture of what she means by these two words. Observations taken from the analyses of four adult patients further illuminate her subject matter. Her perceptive and thoughtful discussion should enrich our understanding of emotional states and thereby contribute to our therapeutic effectiveness, even though most of us who are not at home in Kleinian psychology may find the reading a bit arduous. One contribution of the book is the author's sensitive appreciation of the complex fusion of affects and fantasies which comprise both envy and gratitude, and her attempt to distinguish them from other affective states or attitudes. It is this complexity, in addition to her reconstructive method, which makes it difficult for

Envy and Gratitude.

The collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe is an event that has had profound psychological consequences for left-wing psychologists and social scientists committed to the ideal of democratic socialism. So far these events and their psychological expression have not yet emerged explicitly in the psycho-analytic literature. On the other hand, work by left-wing psycho-analytic thinkers, committed to forging personal and intellectual links between marxism and psycho-analysis, are still being regularly published. The most creative and productive of these authors are British, which is not surprising given the co-existence of both an established psycho-analytic community and muscular socialist opposition under a Conservative British government.

The Good Society and the Inner World : Psychoanalysis, Politics and Culture, Michael Rustin : book review

Following a post-Kleinian psychoanalytic perspective, this article proposes some considerations on social exclusion, based on the analysis of certain individual and collective defenses. Drawing from G. Di Chiara’s concept of psychosocial syndrome, social exclusion is explained primarily as the result of the mechanisms of inferiorization, exclusion and marginalization of those who are disadvantaged by and opposed to the logic of collective pathologies most prevalent in a given model of society. In our society, the logic of these syndromes, linked together, is especially one that promises a model of social adaptation ferociously based on competition. These mechanisms, triggered by very strong anxieties, repeat themselves in the dynamics of different conditions, according to the prototypical model of pathological narcissism and true racism.

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Defense mechanisms and psychic processes in social exclusion: Clinical considerations

Foreign unaccompanied and separated children represent a specific and a very substantial segment in migratory phenomenon, which involves European countries, including Italy. This phenomenon is taking on increasing importance, not only and not just in terms of quantity, but also in relation to the challenges posed to the system of social protection. Moreover, we have to say that different currents of though about the contemporary migration are agreed that immigrant people are the actors of a culture of connection on which they live the experience of mobility. This culture of connection has become evident and very dynamic since migrants have started to use massively new technologies of information and communication.

Isolés, mais connectés: le cas de mineurs étrangers non accompagnés

RIASSUNTO: Obiettivo: L’obiettivo del presente contributo e quello di descrivere i risultati di un’indagine volta ad esplorare la presenza di sintomi inquadrabili o associati al PTSD in un piccolo gruppo di minori stranieri non accompagnati inseriti in centri di pronta accoglienza e comunita residenziali per minori richiedenti asilo politico del territorio barese, focalizzando nel contempo l’attenzione sulla valenza terapeutica dei contesti di comunita relativamente alla configurazione sintomatica in oggetto. Nello specifico, lo studio effettuato ha inteso, in prima istanza, rilevare la presenza di sintomi riferibili a PTSD, Ansia, Depressione e tendenze Dissociative nel campione preso in esame, verificando la relazione, riscontrata in letteratura, tra la condizione di minore straniero non accompagnato e lo sviluppo del PTSD e/o di sintomi ad esso associati. Un secondo obiettivo ha inteso verificare eventuali differenze statisticamente significative relativamente alla presenza di sintomi inerenti o associati al PTSD in funzione del tempo di permanenza dei minori in comunita. Metodologia e Risultati: La testistica proposta ha evidenziato la presenza di una diffusa sintomatologia caratterizzante il PTSD e i quadri depressivi ed ansiosi. Per quanto riguarda i sintomi riferibili al PTSD, l’analisi del Chi-Quadro mostra come tali sintomi si distribuiscano in maniera statisticamente significativa relativamente ai tempi di permanenza in comunita, al contrario dei sintomi depressivi, ansiosi e delle tendenze dissociative che non mostrano significativita nella distribuzione dei punteggi legati ai singoli tempi presi in considerazione. Conclusioni: Lo studio evidenzia la rilevanza clinica di interventi svolti all’interno di contesti residenziali organizzati sul modello dell’ambiente terapeutico globale. PAROLE CHIAVE: Minori stranieri non accompagnati, PTSD e sintomi correlati, Interventi di comunita.

I minori stranieri non accompagnati tra trauma e riparazione. Uno studio su disturbo post-traumatico da stress, ansia, depressione e tendenze dissociative in giovani migranti residenti in comunità The unaccompanied foreign minors between trauma and repair interventions. A study on post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and dissociative tendencies in young migrants living in community health centers

Bullismo: quadro di riferimento per una ricerca pedagogica

The article conducts a critical reading of the concept of resilience, discussing the implications for pedagogy. In the first part of the work, after reviewing the origins of the concept of resilience in evolutionary studies on risk and protection factors in the life cycle, the original psychoanalytic matrix is put into place, which extends the concept of coping and defense mechanisms. In the second part of the work, the pedagogical value of the concept of resilience is discussed within a critical view of adaptation and social change. This is expressed within a model of critical pedagogy already well defined and aimed at enhancing the significance of resistance against the social pathologies of our time, such as the basis of educational action in a particularly democratic and valuable sense.

Resilienza: luci e ombre di un costrutto attuale

Adopting a mixed and integrated pedagogical model, this paper examines the roots of bullying in fraternal relationships in the family. Starting with some clinical considerations on the origins and causes of bullying, the paper argues and highlights the role of parental projections in determining the principles conflicts among children within the family. The argument is extended then to the analysis of some of the dynamics of bullying between siblings and to the link between these types of vicissitudes and bullying in the social context outside of the family. The paper concludes with some pedagogical considerations on the educational role of the family in the prevention of bullying.

Tommaso Fratini

Papers

Bullismo: quadro di riferimento per una ricerca pedagogica

Resilienza: luci e ombre di un costrutto attuale

Bullismo e relazioni familiari : uno sguardo pedagogico