Toshihito Suda

Bio: Toshihito Suda is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Adenocarcinoma & Adenosquamous carcinoma. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 40 citations.

Distinctive mucositis and feeding-tube dependency in cetuximab plus radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

Abstract: Objective Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy may be considered before chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, because severe mucositis is a common complication. We evaluated the mucosal findings and necessity of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving cetuximab and radiotherapy. Methods Fourteen consecutive patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving cetuximab and radiotherapy were analyzed. Results Patients' backgrounds were as follows: male/female, 8/6; median age, 64.5 years (range, 35-83 years); performance status, 0/1, 9/5. Primary tumor sites included the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx in four, seven and three patients, respectively. Patients completed a median of eight cetuximab cycles. All patients received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (median dose, 70 Gy). Thirteen patients were treated with elective neck irradiation at the ipsilateral (n = 3) or bilateral (n = 10) nodes. Grade ≥ 3 mucositis/stomatitis (clinical examination) occurred in 85.7% patients (n = 12). The median irradiation dose was 33 Gy at the Grade 3 mucositis onset. Eight patients showed mucositis with distinctive features, a wide range of white-coated lesions with a clear border; hypopharyngeal atresia was observed in two patients. Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 11 patients, and 11 patients (78.6%) actually required nutritional support because of Grade ≥ 3 mucositis/stomatitis (functional/symptomatic). Conclusions Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is recommended because most patients receiving cetuximab and radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have Grade ≥ 3 mucositis with distinctive features.

Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features: report of 2 cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses.

Abstract: Background Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features is extremely rare. Methods We report 2 cases of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features treated at our institution. Results Case 1 was a 44-year-old Japanese man who had swelling in the left parotid region. This tumor consisted of residual pleomorphic adenoma and widely invasive carcinoma, which showed a diffuse growth pattern by atypical rhabdoid cells. Case 2 was a 66-year-old Japanese man who had swelling of the right cervical region. This submandibular tumor was also composed of both residual pleomorphic adenoma region and invasive adenocarcinoma components, whereas some metastatic lesions were purely composed of rhabdoid cells. Such cells were strongly and diffusely positive for cytokeratins (CKs), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP), and androgen receptor (AR). Case 1 was also positive for Her-2 and p53. Conclusion Both patients were diagnosed with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and their carcinomatous components were composed of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features, which is a highly aggressive tumor, similar to salivary duct carcinoma. © 2013 The Authors. Head & Neck published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E28–E35, 2014

MUC expression in adenosquamous carcinoma of the head and neck regions of Japanese patients: immunohistochemical analysis.

Abstract: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the head and neck regions. We elucidated the relationship between ASC and MUC molecule expression. We selected 14 cases of ASC in the head and neck, and examined them immunohistohcmically. Seven cases of tongue, 3 cases of larynx and 4 cases of hypopharynx carcinoma were selected. Nine (64.3%) of 14 cases showed lymph node metastasis at the diagnosis. Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cases showed a higher stage. Six cases (66.7%), all of which showed lymph node metastases, died of disease. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that ASC was positive for both markers of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. ASC showed positivity for MUC1 (13 cases: 92.3%), MUC1core (12 cases: 85.2%) and MUC4 (12 cases: 85.7%). In rare ASC of the head and neck region, it was revealed that MUC1 and MUC4 expression might be associated with its nodal status.

Squamous cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features of the gingiva: a case report with unusual histology

Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with rhabdoid features (SCCRF) is extremely rare in the oral cavity. We report herein a case of oral SCCRF. The patient was a 69-year-old Japanese woman who had been suffering from a mass in the right lower gingiva. Right hemi-mandibulectomy was performed. The gingival tumor was composed of pleomorphic, non-cohesive ovoid tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei, which were positive for both pan-cytokeratin and vimentin. In another portion, moderately differentiated SCC and carcinoma in situ were also seen. A transition zone existed between the components. Finally, we diagnosed SCCRF. Four months after the operation, multiple bone metastases, lung and skin metastases and marked hypercalcemia were found. SCCRF, therefore, might be more aggressive than the usual type of oral SCC.

Factors Associated with Severe Late Toxicity After Concurrent Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: An RTOG Analysis

Abstract: Purpose Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) increases both local tumor control and toxicity. This study evaluates clinical factors that are associated with and might predict severe late toxicity after CCRT. Methods Patients were analyzed from a subset of three previously reported Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials of CCRT for locally advanced SCCHN (RTOG 91-11, 97-03, and 99-14). Severe late toxicity was defined in this secondary analysis as chronic grade 3 to 4 pharyngeal/laryngeal toxicity (RTOG/European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer late toxicity scoring system) and/or requirement for a feeding tube ≥ 2 years after registration and/or potential treatment-related death (eg, pneumonia) within 3 years. Case-control analysis was performed, with a multivariable logistic regression model that included pretreatment and treatment potential factors. Results A total of 230 patients were assessable for this analysis: 99 p...

Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and nuclear power generation. Besides the beneficial roles of ionizing radiation, there are some concerns about accidental exposure to radioactive sources. The threat posed by its use in terrorism is of global concern. Furthermore, there are several side effects to normal organs for patients who had undergone radiation treatment for cancer. Hence, the modulation of radiation response in normal tissues was one of the most important aims of radiobiology. Although, so far, several agents have been investigated for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Agents such as amifostine may lead to severe toxicity, while others may interfere with radiation therapy outcomes as a result of tumor protection. Metformin is a natural agent that is well known as an antidiabetic drug. It has shown some antioxidant effects and enhances DNA repair capacity, thereby ameliorating cell death following exposure to radiation. Moreover, through targeting endogenous ROS production within cells, it can mitigate radiation injury. This could potentially make it an effective radiation countermeasure. In contrast to other radioprotectors, metformin has shown modulatory effects through induction of several genes such as AMPK, which suppresses reduction/ oxidation (redox) reactions, protects cells from accumulation of unrepaired DNA, and attenuates initiation of inflammation as well as fibrotic pathways. Interestingly, these properties of metformin can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: In this article, we aimed to review the interesting properties of metformin such as radioprotection, radiomitigation and radiosensitization, which could make it an interesting adjuvant for clinical radiotherapy, as well as an interesting candidate for mitigation of radiation injury after a radiation disaster. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.

Exploring the role and diversity of mucins in health and disease with special insight into non-communicable diseases

Abstract: Mucins are major glycoprotein components of the mucus that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. They function to protect epithelial cells from infection, dehydration and physical or chemical injury, as well as to aid the passage of materials through a tract i.e., lubrication. They are also implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant diseases of secretory epithelial cells. In Human there are two types of mucins, membrane-bound and secreted that are originated from mucous producing goblet cells localized in the epithelial cell layer or in mucous producing glands and encoded by MUC gene. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of high molecular weight proteins composed of a long peptidic chain with a large number of tandem repeats that form the so-called mucin domain. The molecular weight is generally high, ranging between 0.2 and 10 million Dalton and all mucins contain one or more domains which are highly glycosylated. The size and number of repeats vary between mucins and the genetic polymorphism represents number of repeats (VNTR polymorphisms), which means the size of individual mucins can differ substantially between individuals which can be used as markers. In human it is only MUC1 and MUC7 that have mucin domains with less than 40% serine and threonine which in turn could reduce number of PTS domains. Mucins can be considered as powerful two-edged sword, as its normal function protects from unwanted substances and organisms at an arm's length while, malfunction of mucus may be an important factor in human diseases. In this review we have unearthed the current status of different mucin proteins in understanding its role and function in various non-communicable diseases in human with special reference to its organ specific locations. The findings described in this review may be of direct relevance to the major research area in biomedicine with reference to mucin and mucin associated diseases.

Cell membrane-anchored MUC4 promotes tumorigenicity in epithelial carcinomas.

Abstract: // Pengpeng Xia 1,2 , Agnes Hakyung Choi 1,2 , Zengping Deng 3 , Yuqian Yang 1,2 , Jing Zhao 1,2 , Yiting Wang 1,2 , Philip R. Hardwidge 4 and Guoqiang Zhu 1,2 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China 3 Nanjing Hospital of T.C.M, Nanjing, China 4 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA Correspondence to: Guoqiang Zhu, email: // Keywords : MUC4, carcinoma, epithelial, tumorigenicity Received : April 23, 2016 Accepted : October 26, 2016 Published : November 04, 2016 Abstract The cell surface membrane-bound mucin protein MUC4 promotes tumorigenicity, aggressive behavior, and poor outcomes in various types of epithelial carcinomas, including pancreatic, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. This review summarizes the theories and findings regarding MUC4 function, and its role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Based on these insights, we developed an outline of the processes and mechanisms by which MUC4 critically supports the propagation and survival of cancer cells in various epithelial organs. MUC4 may therefore be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool that improves our ability to eradicate various forms of cancer.