Trevor W. Robbins

TL;DR: Patients with frontal damage are shown to have deficits in their use of strategies to improve performance in a spatial working memory task and capacity to make an extra-dimensional shift due to a high-order failure of inhibition in an attentional set-shifting paradigm.

TL;DR: In this article, the functions of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) core and shell were investigated in mediating amphetamine-potentiated conditioned reinforcement and locomotion.

TL;DR: Two types of dissociation are suggested between the effects of OFC and ILC lesions: (1) OFC lesions impaired the learning processes implicated in pavlovian autoshaping but not instrumental simultaneous discrimination learning, whereas I LC lesions were unimpaired at autoshaped and their reversal learning deficit did not reflect perseveration, and (2) OfC lesions induced perseverative responding in reversal learning but did not disinhibit responses to pavlovia CS-.

TL;DR: VmPFC damage was associated with increased betting regardless of the odds of winning, consistent with a role of vmPFC in biasing healthy individuals towards conservative options under risk, and patients with insular cortex lesions failed to adjust their bets by the odds on the Cambridge Gamble Task, confirming the necessary role of thevmPFC and insular regions in decision-making under risk.

TL;DR: Impaired inhibition of motor responses (impulsivity) was found in OCD and trichotillomania, whereas cognitive inflexibility (thought to contribute to compulsivity), was limited to OCD.