Tushar Kanti Bera

Bio: Tushar Kanti Bera is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology, Durgapur. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electrical impedance tomography & Imaging phantom. The author has an hindex of 21, co-authored 68 publications receiving 1154 citations. Previous affiliations of Tushar Kanti Bera include Yonsei University & B.M.S. College of Engineering.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT): A Harmless Medical Imaging Modality

Abstract: Looking into the human body is very essential not only for studying the anatomy and physiology, but also for diagnosing a disease or illness. Doctors always try to visualize an organ or body part in order to study its physiological and anatomical status for understanding and/or treating its illness. This necessity introduced the diagnostic tool called medical imaging. The era of medical imaging started in 1895, when Roentgen discovered the magical powerful invisible rays called X-rays. Gradually the medical imaging introduced X-Ray CT, Gamma Camera, PET, SPECT, MRI, USG. Recently medical imaging field is enriched with comparatively newer tomographic imaging modalities like Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Photoacaustic Tomography (PAT). The EIT has been extensively researched in different fields of science and engineering due to its several advantages. This chapter will present a brief review on the available medical imaging modalities and focus on the need of an alternating method. EIT will be discussed with its physical and mathematical aspects, potentials, and challenges.

Acoustoelectric imaging of deep dipoles in a human head phantom for guiding treatment of epilepsy

Abstract: Objective This study employs a human head model with real skull to demonstrate the feasibility of transcranial acoustoelectric brain imaging (tABI) as a new modality for electrical mapping of deep dipole sources during treatment of epilepsy with much better resolution and accuracy than conventional mapping methods. Approach This technique exploits an interaction between a focused ultrasound (US) beam and tissue resistivity to localize current source densities as deep as 63 mm at high spatial resolution (1 to 4 mm) and resolve fast time-varying currents with sub-ms precision. Main results Detection thresholds through a thick segment of the human skull at biologically safe US intensities was below 0.5 mA and within range of strong currents generated by the human brain. Significance This work suggests that 4D tABI may emerge as a revolutionary modality for real-time high-resolution mapping of neuronal currents for the purpose of monitoring, staging, and guiding treatment of epilepsy and other brain disorders characterized by abnormal rhythms.

Noninvasive Electromagnetic Methods for Brain Monitoring: A Technical Review

Abstract: Human brain is a large, complex and most important organ in its nervous system. The brain works as a central processing unit (CPU) of the human body and performs, coordinate, control and regulate an incredible number of tasks to keep the human body healthy and alive. Though the brain is highly protected inside the rigid skull, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the human brain is still sometimes gets injured, damaged and gets several number of diseases. Therefore the study of brain is important and very essential for diagnose and treatment of the diseases like stroke, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, meningitis, Parkinson’s disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, brain aneurysm, multiple sclerosis, hydrocephalus etc. As the electromagnetic brain imaging methods have drawn a lot of attentions of the medical doctors, clinicians and biomedical researchers for their unique advantages. This chapter will present the review of the studies on the noninvasive electromagnetic methods for brain monitoring, diagnosis and treatment. The chapter will try to present the detail technical aspects of different electromagnetic brain monitoring modalities (EBMM), their applications and challenges. The chapter will start by introducing to the human brain and its diseases followed by a discussion on the history and the developments of the brain monitoring techniques. It will discuss about the present scenario of the conventional brain monitoring methods with their merits and demerits. The chapter will explain the electromagnetic brain monitoring techniques in detail such as Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Electrocorticography (ECoG), electroneurogram (ENG), electrical impedance tomography (EIT), Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and other advanced brain monitoring modalities. The chapter will discuss about their working principles, applications, advantages, disadvantages, present scenario. The chapter will summarize the studies on the electromagnetic methods for brain monitoring and it will conclude with a discussion on the present challenges and future trends.

An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

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Introduction to the Finite Element Method

Abstract: This chapter introduces the finite element method (FEM) as a tool for solution of classical electromagnetic problems. Although we discuss the main points in the application of the finite element method to electromagnetic design, including formulation and implementation, those who seek deeper understanding of the finite element method should consult some of the works listed in the bibliography section.

Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects

Abstract: Wearable sensors have recently seen a large increase in both research and commercialization. However, success in wearable sensors has been a mix of both progress and setbacks. Most of commercial progress has been in smart adaptation of existing mechanical, electrical and optical methods of measuring the body. This adaptation has involved innovations in how to miniaturize sensing technologies, how to make them conformal and flexible, and in the development of companion software that increases the value of the measured data. However, chemical sensing modalities have experienced greater challenges in commercial adoption, especially for non-invasive chemical sensors. There have also been significant challenges in making significant fundamental improvements to existing mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, especially in improving their specificity of detection. Many of these challenges can be understood by appreciating the body's surface (skin) as more of an information barrier than as an information source. With a deeper understanding of the fundamental challenges faced for wearable sensors and of the state-of-the-art for wearable sensor technology, the roadmap becomes clearer for creating the next generation of innovations and breakthroughs.

The Essential Physics Of Medical Imaging

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