A method and apparatus for the transparent, non-disruptable transfer of data, particularly multimedia data, through any packet-based network, such as an ATM network is provided. The method of the present invention includes the step of setting a primary path and a secondary path between nodes of a network, or of a network domain. Accordingly, when a switch or node establishes a Virtual Path (VP) to another switch with specified effective bandwith, it also has an alternate VP that is available, although no bandwidth is actually used. The method of the present invention further includes the step of optimizing the available capacity of the system through management actions. For handling congestion and resource failures, the total effective bandwidth on each physical link is categorized in terms of idle capacity (unused or available), used capacity (for existing VPs), and spare capacity. When a resource failure occurs, the idle capacity is used for real-time switching of the VP and service is not disrupted. This is accomplished by an alarm indication management cell which is delivered when a resource problem is encountered. This management cell sets forth the secondary path and the bandwidth associated therewith. On the other hand, if idle capacity does not exist, the spare capacity is used, while the bandwidth for all other VPs is reconfigured using virtual bandwidth optimization. Therefore, service disruption does not occur. In a wireless, mobile network, the present invention monitors node movement and takes management actions on the basis of such node movement to prevent service disruption.

Transparent non-disruptable atm network

Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to systems and methods of monitoring vehicle parking. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle parking monitoring system that includes a parking space sensor enabled to detect the presence of at least one vehicle in a first parking space of a first parking area and a parking area transceiver in communication with the parking space sensor, the parking area transceiver configured to receive information from the parking space sensor and transmit the information to a gateway. The parking area transceiver is also configured to receive information from the gateway. The gateway is connected to a wide area network and configured to receive information from the parking area transceiver and transmit the information to the wide area network, the gateway is also configured to receive information from the wide area network and transmit the information to the parking area transceiver. Other aspects, features, and embodiments are also claimed and described.

Systems And Methods For Monitoring Vehicle Parking

A telecommunications system and a method of operating the same are described in which mobile terminals may communicate with base station transceivers over an air interface, a communication to another user terminal being supported in macrodiversity by radio links between a plurality of base station transceivers and a mobile terminal. The radio links in macrodiversity have a set of common radio link configuration parameters. When a change in the common configuration is necessary, the system transmits a radio link configuration change message to each of the base station transceivers and the mobile terminal and waits before implementation of the radio link configuration change until an acknowledgement has been received from at least one base station transceiver in transmitting communication with the mobile terminal, at least one base station transceiver in receiving communication with the mobile terminal and the mobile terminal.

Method and apparatus for changing radio link configurations in a mobile telecommunications system with soft handover

Methods, systems and network elements are described to improve the speed of handover in a mobile radio telecommunications system. In one embodiment a mobile terminal ( 114 ) transmits a list of addresses of network nodes ( 102, 103, 105, 122, 125 ) to a target base station ( 106 ) in preparation for setting up a new radio link to the target base station ( 106 ). The list of addresses can be used by the target base station ( 106 ) to select a node ( 122, 125 ) which is common to both the old and the new communication path and to address this node directly without requiring a cross-over switch network query. The new path ( 122, 110, 106 ) can then be set up quickly ready for the handover to target base station ( 106 ). In a further embodiment the network distributes pre-authenticated signatures for a mobile terminal ( 114 ) to the nodes ( 102, 103, 105, 122, 125 ) of the network currently supporting a communication. This allows local verification of a mobile terminal ( 114 ) when it attempts to set up a new radio link with a target base station ( 106 ). In yet a further embodiment the target base station ( 106 ) starts fast power control with the mobile terminal ( 114 ) before the new communications path ( 125, 110, 106 ) has been set up through the network.

Method and apparatus for setting up a communication with a target base station in a cellular or cordless mobile telecommunications system

A packet is routed by “dead reckoning” on a network having a generally regular topology. The packet is received at a node where a local routing decision is made. The packet is output in a direction selected according to the routing decision. The packet carries in addition to a destination address a directional flag indicating explicitly the preferred direction of onward travel and the routing decision is made using this flag. Several flags may be used, corresponding to different dimensions of the network.

Dead reckoning routing of packet data within a network of nodes having generally regular topology

An exclusive VCC is maintained between each two communicating work stations (MT pair). The handoff method differs if the MT moves to a coverage area having a base station connected to the same switch as the previous coverage area (intra-switch mobility) or to a coverage area having a base station connected to a different switch than the previous coverage area (inter-switch mobility). In intra-switch mobility, the switch changes the path directly to the new base station and eliminates the path through the original base station. In inter-switch mobility, the switch performs the path set-up. The path may be elongated from the switch connected to the original BS, to the new BS, rather than from the original BS to the new BS. This eliminates the path through the original base station. The exclusive VCC between the MT pair permits path elongation to be minimized.

Seamless handoff for a wireless lan/wired lan internetworking

As broadband multimedia applications to the desk top are becoming popular today, the high-speed bandwidth demand from a single user will occupy large shares of the LAN's channel capacity. Therefore, the evolution of LAN technologies has shifted from shared to dedicated media. More and more LANs are being installed and their interconnection will require parallel switching techniques such as a high-speed switching hub. The ATM small cell-size switching approach is intended to accommodate the mixed media such as voice, data and video. To fulfil the switching cost, bandwidth and latency criteria, a two-stage switching hub for LAN interconnection is designed and presented in this paper. The packet switching technique is used in the first stage switching to efficiently interconnect the local LANs. For the second stage design, the ATM cell switching is adopted to accommodate multimedia traffic and internetworking among LANs and WANs. The switching architecture including both the packet and cell switching units is thoroughly described. The message flow and routing mechanism are presented in the paper. This architecture has been proved to have the advantages of very low latency, flexible scalability and easy routing management with two-way learning. >

Interconnection of large-scale LANs via a two-stage switching hub for multimedia applications

The wireless personal communication networks (PCN) will play an important role throughout the 1990s and into the next century. Due to the demand for extending the wireless services to integrated services such as data, voice, images and video, a high speed backbone network to connect the base stations in the microcells is required. One of the possible solutions is to apply the ATM-based backbone network. In such an ATM-based PCN, the communication path between a pair of mobile terminals might be elongated due to the mobility of terminals. In this paper we investigate the design problem of allocating the backbone links among the ATM switches so that the network performance affected by the terminal mobility is reduced as little as possible. A simple and efficient algorithm is proposed for this problem. Simulation results show that based on the backbone obtained by the heuristic, the average length of each communication path is kept as short as possible even under the mobile environment. As a result, the number of successfully established paths in the network is increased significantly.

Tzung-Pao Lin

Papers

Seamless handoff for a wireless lan/wired lan internetworking

Interconnection of large-scale LANs via a two-stage switching hub for multimedia applications

The link allocation problem on ATM-based personal communication networks