Ulla Makkonen

TL;DR: Three separate size regimes below 2-nm diameter are identified that build up a physically, chemically, and dynamically consistent framework on atmospheric nucleation—more specifically, aerosol formation via neutral pathways.

TL;DR: The chemical composition of fine and coarse particulate matter was investigated in 7-week field campaigns of contrasting air pollution at six urban background sites in Europe as discussed by the authors, which were scheduled to include seasons of local public health concern due to high particulate concentrations or findings in previously conducted epidemiological studies.

TL;DR: Tapanainen et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed gas composition and fine particle properties over different combustion situations in small-scale wood combustion appliances and found that the same PM 1 emissions can have very different chemical compositions, potentially leading to different toxic properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical characteristics of the emitted particles affect also their toxic properties but the mechanisms behind these phenomena and the causative role of particles from wood combustion sources are still mostly unknown.

TL;DR: The inorganic main elements, trace elements and PAHs were determined from selected PM(1), PM(2.5) and PM(10) samples collected at the Nordic background station in Virolahti during different seasons and during the wildfire episodes in 2006.