People in different cultures have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the 2. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Many Asian cultures have distinct conceptions of individuality that insist on the fundamental relatedness of individuals to each other. The emphasis is on attending to others, fitting in, and harmonious interdependence with them. American culture neither assumes nor values such an overt connectedness among individuals. In contrast, individuals seek to maintain their independence from others by attending to the self and by discovering and expressing their unique inner attributes. As proposed herein, these construals are even more powerful than previously imagined. Theories of the self from both psychology and anthropology are integrated to define in detail the difference between a construal of the self as independent and a construal of the self as interdependent. Each of these divergent construals should have a set of specific consequences for cognition, emotion, and motivation; these consequences are proposed and relevant empirical literature is reviewed. Focusing on differences in self-construals enables apparently inconsistent empirical findings to be reconciled, and raises questions about what have been thought to be culture-free aspects of cognition, emotion, and motivation.

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Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.

This paper proposes a paradigm for managing the dynamic aspects of organizational knowledge creating processes. Its central theme is that organizational knowledge is created through a continuous dialogue between tacit and explicit knowledge. The nature of this dialogue is examined and four patterns of interaction involving tacit and explicit knowledge are identified. It is argued that while new knowledge is developed by individuals, organizations play a critical role in articulating and amplifying that knowledge. A theoretical framework is developed which provides an analytical perspective on the constituent dimensions of knowledge creation. This framework is then applied in two operational models for facilitating the dynamic creation of appropriate organizational knowledge.

/pdf/a-dynamic-theory-of-organizational-knowledge-creation-22t9dxu55o.pdf

A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation

http://www.cse.psu.edu/~rtc12/CSE597E/papers/treismanFeatIntegration.pdf

A feature-integration theory of attention

Bartlett viewed thinking as a high level skill exhibiting ballistic properties that he called its “point of no return”. This paper explores one aspect of cognition through the use of a simple model...

/pdf/orienting-of-attention-2bi7r8jak3.pdf

Orienting of attention

Attention and Effort

Cognition and reality

Ulric Neisser (Chair) Gwyneth Boodoo Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. A. Wade Boykin Nathan Brody Stephen J. Ceci Diane E Halpern John C. Loehlin Robert Perloff Robert J. Sternberg Susana Urbina Emory University Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Howard University Wesleyan University Cornell University California State University, San Bernardino University of Texas, Austin University of Pittsburgh Yale University University of North Florida

/pdf/intelligence-knowns-and-unknowns-10r4cnx354.pdf

Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns.

DOWNLOAD http://bit.ly/1ahnv9u Cognition and Reality: Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology Surveys contemporary theories of perception, criticizing mechanistic information-processing models and stressing differences between perception in the external world and in experimental laboratory situations This book presents a general and formal theory of meaning, signs, and language. The theory is presented in a clear and consistent way offering novel and provocative insights. book explores the representational powers of a person's mind.. A book/disk/3-D glasses package that explains the concepts behind VR and provides fascinating software for readers who want to explore this rapidly-evolving topic. This book. pages. This important book focuses on the role of human factors in the design and use of automobiles. It should review current knowledge of human characteristics as related to.

Ulric Neisser

Papers

Cognition and reality

Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns.

Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology

Cognitive Psychology. (Book Reviews: Cognition and Reality. Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology)

Intelligence : knowns and unknowns