世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Economics of Information

The talk with present the key results of the IPCC Working Group III 5th assessment report. Concluding four years of intense scientific collaboration by hundreds of authors from around the world, the report responds to the request of the world's governments for a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change. The report has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.

Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change

We investigate conditions sufficient for identification of average treatment effects using instrumental variables. First we show that the existence of valid instruments is not sufficient to identify any meaningful average treatment effect. We then establish that the combination of an instrument and a condition on the relation between the instrument and the participation status is sufficient for identification of a local average treatment effect for those who can be induced to change their participation status by changing the value of the instrument. Finally we derive the probability limit of the standard IV estimator under these conditions. It is seen to be a weighted average of local average treatment effects.

Evolution and Rationality Some Recent Game-Theoretic Results. Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Rural–Urban Migration, Household Vulnerability, and Welfare in Vietnam

The impact of coffee certification on small‐scale producers’ livelihoods: a case study from the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Decentralization and poverty reduction may be correlated, but theoretically, there is no
clear-cut functional relationship between the two. Until recently, development policy
debates on decentralization largely focused on governance and efficiency, and hardly
on poverty effects. Now, with the aim of supposedly more effective poverty reduction
agendas in mind, local and international organizations are increasingly calling for
decentralization.

/pdf/does-decentralization-serve-the-poor-gr9mtuxmjv.pdf

Does Decentralization Serve the Poor

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/88396/1/772780897.pdf

Forest coffee certification in Ethiopia: Economic boon or ecological bane?

There is an ongoing debate about how best to feed the growing world population in the long run and associated implications for research and development Some call for a new Green Revolution to secure the supply of staple foods, whereas others emphasize the importance of diversifying and improving people's diets We aim to contribute to this debate by reviewing the case of wheat and maize value chains and their contribution to food security in Africa and Asia We first identify drivers transforming food systems We then apply these to the cereal value chains and disentangle their effects on food security We thereby add to the three strands in the literature around production, consumption, and food system transformation and point to different research needs and recommendations for the future The review highlights: (1) Wheat and maize production will be increasingly impaired by ecological drivers such as land degradation, water scarcity and climate change (2) There are promising innovations to increase and maintain productivity, but constraints in adopting these innovations have to be overcome (ie, access to seeds, finance, and education/training) (3) The drivers affect all four dimensions of food security, but first and foremost they determine the availability and stability of maize and wheat This indirectly also influences the economic and physical access of people to maize and wheat (4) Research tends to focus on improving the productivity and sustainability of wheat and maize farming which is largely interlinked with the availability dimension of food security (5) The stability and utilization dimension of food security merits continued yet increased support First, to address climate change and implications for biotic and abiotic stresses Second, to promote healthier diets and enable the equitable transformation of food systems

/pdf/food-security-and-the-dynamics-of-wheat-and-maize-value-46v5fc9m05.pdf

Ulrike Grote

Papers

Rural–Urban Migration, Household Vulnerability, and Welfare in Vietnam

The impact of coffee certification on small‐scale producers’ livelihoods: a case study from the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Does Decentralization Serve the Poor

Forest coffee certification in Ethiopia: Economic boon or ecological bane?

Food Security and the Dynamics of Wheat and Maize Value Chains in Africa and Asia