Heat transfer—a review of 1983 literature

Many industrial facilities, such as the widely used cooling tower, transfer heat to the atmosphere. The most common cooling media are water and air. The performance of cooling equipment depends upon such factors as flow rate, pressure at the nozzle tip, and the type of nozzle. In this article, round and slot nozzles with air as the cooling medium are studied to verify their cooling effectiveness. The heat transfer characteristics of these nozzles, compared using three different methodologies, are presented. A commercial computational fluid dynamics tool, FLUNET, is employed to model the 3D thermal-fluidic field of each nozzle. A 1D source code is also implemented in FORTRAN to achieve a faster and more reliable solution. Finally, experimental data are used to verify the two computational results. The difference between the results obtained using the FORTRAN code and FLUENT was about 0.07%. The temperatures at the cooling tower exit for the 1D and 3D codes were 431.9°C and 432.2°C (809.4°F and 810°F), resp...

Characterization of air-cooled heat transfer using round and slot nozzles

Laminar, free convective flow through a vertical cylinder induced by the thermal and concentration buoyancy forces is investigated. The numerical studies involve development of a steady-state, two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model for the moist air core of the vertical tube. The stream function-vorticity method is employed to simplify the governing, coupled conservation equations which were then numerically solved by the successive over-relaxation (SOR) and alternating direction implicit ((ADI) methods. A graphical correlation was found between dimensionless flow rate and dimensionless tube length as a function of the buoyancy force ratio N = Gr/Grc. Excellent agreement was obtained for the dimensionless flow rale results with those of Davis and Perona16 and Kageyama and Izumi13 for the case when only the-thermal buoyancy force is considered. The combined buoyancy force from thermal and species diffusion provides larger local Nusselt Nu and local Sherwood Sh numbers relative to the case when just o...

Free convective draft induced by thermal and concentration gradients inside an isothermal, vertical cylinder†

Our country is in a low carbon economy development period, this paper described the whole evaporative air cooler is based on energy conservation and environmental protection thinking of development, this paper described the development history of air cooler in energy conservation and environmental protection, the main body of the thinking of equipment design and each index assessment, in a large number of experimental data are put forward on the basis of the concept of "full evaporation", according to the requirements of the indicators and process requirements of equipment parts for detailed design of equipment, automatic control design, form the mechanical and electrical integration, energy conservation and environmental protection, automatic control, full evaporative air cooler and heat exchange equipment.

Research and Design of Energy-Saving and Environmental-Protection Full Evaporative Air Cooler

The need to save energy in power producing and power consuming systems and the fact that evaporative cooling is the most efficient method for heat rejection led to the design and testing of a model of a special cooling tower, fn this hybrid system an evaporative condenser is being built into the cooling tower and the advantages of evaporative cooling are combined with those of a wet cooling tower, causing a lower condensing temperature or saving heat transfer area or both The present work not only deals with the development of a practical model of a cooling tower module but also further develops, modifies and consolidates a computer program originally designed for horizontal finned or bare tube condensers These modifications are associated with the vertical tube condenser in the hybrid tower considered in this work It is shown that the performance of the model tower can be predicted by use of this computer program, as previously shown by Leidenfrost and Korenic for a different geometry It is 

Uriyel Fisher

Papers

Hybrid Evaporative – Condenser Cooling Tower