Tetrazoles represent a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds with polynitrogen electron-rich planar structural features. This special structure makes tetrazole derivatives useful drugs, explosives, and other functional materials with a wide range of applications in many fields of medicine, agriculture, material science, etc. Based on our research works on azoles and other references in recent years, this review covers reported work on the synthesis and biological activities of tetrazole derivatives.

Tetrazolium Compounds: Synthesis and Applications in Medicine

Reactions of metal ions with a rigid linear ligand 4-H2IBA incorporating 4-imidazolyl and carboxylate functional groups [4-H2IBA = 4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzoic acid] under variable reaction conditions gave 11 new coordination polymers, [Cu(4-HIBA)2(H2O)4] (1), [CuIICuI(4-HIBA)(4-IBA)(H2O)2]·2.3H2O (2), [Cu(4-HIBA)(Cl)] (3), [Cu3(4-HIBA)6]·7.8H2O (4), [Cd(4-HIBA)2(H2O)]·2H2O (5), [Cd(4-HIBA)2] (6), [Cd(4-HIBA)2]·2DMF (7), [Cd2(4-HIBA)4]·H2O (8), [Zn(4-HIBA)2]·H2O (9), [Zn(4-HIBA)2]·C2H5OH·DMF (10), and [Co(4-HIBA)2]·2DMF (11). The copper complexes 1–4 are discrete molecules to three-dimensional (3D) infinite networks. Complexes 1 and 2 formed in different reaction temperatures exhibit a mononuclear motif and one-dimensional (1D) chain, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 were obtained through controlling reaction solvent systems, and 3 features a two-dimensional (2D) (4,4) network by taking the binuclear [Cu2(Cl)2] as 4-connecting nodes, whereas 4 is a 3-fold interpenetrating mog net with Point (Schlafli) symbo...

New Metal–Organic Frameworks Constructed from the 4-Imidazole-Carboxylate Ligand: Structural Diversities, Luminescence, and Gas Adsorption Properties

Antibacterial activity of a new class of tris homoleptic Ru (II)‐complexes with alkyl‐tetrazoles as diimine‐type ligands

In order to improve the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, there is an urgent need to enhance the efficacy of existing agents and also to develop more efficient drug delivery systems. Here, we synthesized a novel anti-TB drug complex consisting of zinc and rifampicin (Zn-RIF), and encapsulated it into transferrin-conjugated silver quantum-dots (Zn-RIF-Tf-QD) to improve delivery in macrophages. Successful synthesis of Zn-RIF and Zn-RIF-Tf-QD was confirmed by UV/Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR, photoluminescence, XRD, XPS, and NMR. The sizes of silver QDs and transferrin-conjugated QDs were found to be in the range of 5-20 nm. Activity assays showed that Zn-RIF-Tf-QD exhibited 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis-BCG as compared to Zn-RIF, RIF and Zn. Immunofluorescence studies showed that Zn-RIF-Tf-QD-conjugates were actively endocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells, but not by lung epithelial cells. Treatment with Zn-RIF-Tf-QD efficiently killed mycobacteria residing inside macrophages without exhibiting cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Moreover, the conjugates remained stable for upto 48 h, were taken up into the late endosomal compartment of macrophages, and released the drug in a sustainable manner. Our data demonstrate that Zn-RIF-Tf-QDs have a great potential as anti-TB drugs. In addition, transferrin-conjugated QDs may constitute an effective drug delivery system for tuberculosis therapy.

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Encapsulation of zinc-rifampicin complex into transferrin-conjugated silver quantum-dots improves its antimycobacterial activity and stability and facilitates drug delivery into macrophages.

Thiocyanate manganese(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane and bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane – Syntheses, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and magnetic properties

https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=ittsciart

Coordination Studies of Copper(II), Cobalt(II) and Iron(II) with Isomeric Pyridyl-Tetrazole Ligands

https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=ittsciart

Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Pyridyl-Tetrazole Ligands Containing Ester or Carboxylate Pendant Arms

https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=ittsciart

Coordination Studies of Copper(II), Nickel(II), Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) Salts with Pyridyl–Tetrazole Ligands Containing Alkyl or Alkyl Halide Pendant Arms

Zinc complexes of pyridyl-tetrazole derivatives – Highly fluorescent materials

Three novel bis-tetrazole ligands (1–3) containing carboxylate functional groups on the tetrazole rings and a rigid pyrazine linker unit, for the construction of coordination polymers when coordinated to copper(II) ions, were synthesised and structurally characterised. The use of pyrazine as a rigid linker between the two tetrazole units was expected to increase the dimensionality of the solid phase polymeric network of the resulting copper(II)-containing compounds. X-ray structures of the ligands revealed the effect of the substitution position on the tetrazole ring of the ester/carboxylate groups. Higher solid phase dimensionality was successfully achieved as shown by the layered two-dimensional (2-D) coordination structure being formed when the pyrazine bis-tetrazole systems were reacted with copper(II) chloride, although not in the expected manner. There was no interaction between the pyrazine nitrogen atoms and the metal ion. Computational studies showed that this was probably due to the geom...

/pdf/synthesis-and-characterisation-of-new-copper-ii-coordination-337mczxywv.pdf

Synthesis and characterisation of new copper(II) coordination polymers constructed from pyrazine–tetrazole ligands with the formation of a water cluster

Ursula Sheridan

Papers

Coordination Studies of Copper(II), Cobalt(II) and Iron(II) with Isomeric Pyridyl-Tetrazole Ligands

Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Pyridyl-Tetrazole Ligands Containing Ester or Carboxylate Pendant Arms

Coordination Studies of Copper(II), Nickel(II), Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) Salts with Pyridyl–Tetrazole Ligands Containing Alkyl or Alkyl Halide Pendant Arms

Zinc complexes of pyridyl-tetrazole derivatives – Highly fluorescent materials

Synthesis and characterisation of new copper(II) coordination polymers constructed from pyrazine–tetrazole ligands with the formation of a water cluster