Usep Soetisna

Bio: Usep Soetisna is an academic researcher from Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Germination & Rhizome. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 3 publications receiving 7 citations.

Storage and the Use of Peroxydase Enzyme to Detect Germination Capability of Sandoricum koetjape Merr. Seeds- A Neglected Tropical Fruit Species

Abstract: Sandoricum koetjape which belongs to the group of mahogany, possesses seeds with sticky white aril, is a neglected local fruit species that might extinct if conservation efforts are not made. Besides preserving the embryos and embryonic axis on different periods of storage (0, 3, 5, 7 days) on a vacuum glass container containing silica gel, the latter organs were also preserved in liquid nitrogen to study the possibility of long-term storage. The water content of the preserved organs was measured in relation to the length of storage and the germination rate. To determine the role of peroxidase in the germination rate of preserved zygotic embryos, the level of peroxidase was measured. Seeds of control and of 3-day storage were mostly germinated at day-6. The average rate of germination was reduced to 23.33% when the seeds were desiccated with silica gel for 7 days which resulted in 27.69% water content. This germination capability and the length of hypocotyls seem to correlate with peroxidase activity in the seeds. In general, the higher the percentage of germination, the longer the length of hypocotyls, the higher the peroxidase activity, except for seeds desiccated for 7 days. The range of peroxidase activity was 6.81-3856.20 I”A/2min/mg. When the seeds were desiccated for 7 days, they still could germinate at day-18 which indicated by a very high peroxidase activity. Peroxidase activity assay could detect the viability within 15 seconds while the TTZ requires 15 minutes. Although the highest percentage of survived embryonic axis after storage in liquid nitrogen was only 23.42%, the results showed that soaking in 10-20% DMSO for 20 minutes of prerequisite as without DMSO led to no survival. These results offer an alternative procedure to detect the germination ability of seeds at early stage and longer period of preservation which could contribute to future ex situ conservation.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: recalcitrant, seeds, embryos, desiccation, preservation, peroxidase, Sandoricum koetjape.

PADI ORGANIK VERSUS NON ORGANIK: STUDI FISIOLOGI BENIH PADI (Oryza sativa L.) KULTIVAR LOKAL ROJOLELE

Abstract: Study of the effect of organic and non-organic farming practice of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cv. Rojolele on seed physiology was carried out in Cipanas, West Java (on-farm) and in the laboratory of BSJ3 and greenhouse of RC for Biotechnology (off-farm). Parameters were recorded particularly on seed germination percentage, water content, dormancy behavior and morphology. On-farm study results showed that germination percentage of organic seeds was higher (88.3% at water content of 13.4%) than those non-organic seeds (20.0% at water content of 10.2%). Results of off-farm study showed that the plant height of those organic seeds was higher than those non-organic seeds. On-farm practice the harvest after 150 days showed that the non-organic seeds produced more yellow grains (44.8%) than those of organic seeds (39.6%). A total grain per plant produced by the non-organic seeds was higher than those organic seeds, however, total percentage of the filled out organic seeds was higher (57.8%) than those non-organic seeds (40.1%). Organic seeds seem to be more dormant than those non-organic seeds after storage for 12 months. Grain weight of both non-organic and organic was 17-19 g per 1000 seeds. Germination of off-farm non-organic seeds was 98.0%, whereas those organic seeds were 95.0% at water content of 10.8% respectively. In view of seed physiology, organic rice quality better than those non- organic because they contain more filled out seeds, even though the organic rice harvesting time longer than those non-organic. Although off-farm study represented seed physiology of either organic or non-organic seeds, on-farm study needs to be further done on all aspects of seed physiology.

Pengaruh BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) Terhadap Daya Tumbuh Mata Tunas Rimpang Tanaman Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.)

Abstract: Rhizome of arrowroot ( Maranta arundinacea L.) is a source of carbohydrate that is easily digested, therefore it can be used for diet and remedy for stomach disorder. Currently, this plant is not cultivated intensively, therefore the production of the rhizome is very limited. The objective of this study is to obtain efficient method to propagate of the arrowroot by investigating the effect of BAP ( 6-benzylaminopurine ) on viability of rhizome shoot. Intact rhizome and rhizome cuttings were exposed to BAP solution (2 and 4 mg/l) for 15 minutes prior to potted on a sterilized sand medium. The experiments were arranged in a complete randomized design with 3 replicates, and the data resulted were analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and LSD (least significance difference) test. The result showed that the viability of intact rhizome shoots was lower (5,6 – 12,5%) than the rhizome cuttings. The highest viability (86,1%) and growth rates of shoot (4.6 shoots/week) resulted from the cuttings exposed to 4 mg/l BAP. Growth rates of leaves of intact rhizome was very low i.e. 0.3 – 0.4 leaves/week. The highest growth rates of leaves (3.9 leaves/week) were resulted from the rhizome cuttings exposed to 4 mg/l BAP solution, meanwhile the lowest growth rates (0.5 leaves/week) obtained from rhizome cuttings exposed to 2 mg/l BAP. No significant different of those treatment on plant height. Total roots of the rhizome cuttings exposed to 4 mg/l BAP (4.9) were significantly different, but not for intact rhizome. Key words: M. arundinacea , arrowroot, propagation, rhizome cuttings, BAP.

A potential invasion route of Cactoblastis cactorum within the Caribbean region matches historical hurricane trajectories

Abstract: The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum mainly distributed throughout central and northeastern Argentina was intentionally introduced in the Caribbean region in 1957 as a biological control agent of cacti species of the genus Opuntia. This moth invaded during the last 20–30 years the North American continent, threatening the major center of biodiversity of native Opuntia species. Although human induced and natural dispersal have been invocated to explain its expansion in the non-native distribution range, there is still no evidence to support natural dispersal. In particular, hurricanes are one of the major environmental factors affecting species dispersal in the region. In this study we used mitochondrial DNA to examine whether the spatial distribution of haplotype variation of C. cactorum is at least partially explained by hurricane trajectories within the Caribbean region. DNA sequences for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I were obtained for a sample of 110 individuals from the Antillean islands. This information was combined with existing sequences in the GenBank for the same gene for the Caribbean and Florida (N = 132 sequences). Genetic diversity descriptors, a haplotypic network, a spatial analyses of molecular variance and a landscape genetic analysis of migration conditioned by hurricane tracks were conducted to test our hypothesis. Our results revealed a significant spatial grouping of haplotypes consistent with the more frequent hurricane trajectories in the Caribbean region. Significant isolation by distance conditioned by hurricane tracks was detected. Populations of Florida were genetically closer to those of Cuba than to the rest of the population sampled. Within the region, Cuba appears as a reservoir of genetic diversity increasing the risk of invasion to Mexico and the US. Despite commercial transportation of Opuntia promoted dispersal to Florida, our results support the hypothesis that natural disturbances such as hurricanes played a role dispersing this invasive insect. Future conservation programs of North American Opuntia species requires taking into account hurricane mediated dispersal events and permanent whole regional monitoring and international control policies to prevent future range expansions of C. cactorum.

Soil Quality at Rice Fields with Organic, Semi Organic and Inorganic Management in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia

Abstract: The high demand of rice is fulfilled by intensification, particularly with the use of chemical fertilizer that allegedly causes land and environmental problems in a long term. As public awareness of environmental health rises, more rice fields are managed organically and semi-organically, but there are still many that manage rice fields inorganically. Assessment of soil quality of the three types of rice field management is important to prove that organic rice fields have better soil quality than semi-organic and inorganic rice fields, as well as to evaluate soil conditions on the location. This research was conducted in Girimarto, Wonogiri, Indonesia, using a descriptive explorative method with a survey approach on three points of each management system of rice fields, which are organic, semi-organic and inorganic rice fields. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the indicators affecting soil quality, which are called the minimum data set (MDS). There were selected indicators in this research, including total microbes, base saturation, cation exchangeable capacity and organic carbon. Based on the results of the study, organic rice fields have the best soil quality with a score of soil quality index (SQI) of 2.3, compared to semi-organic rice field SQI (2.2) and inorganic rice field SQI (1.7). The results indicate that organic management contributes to better soil quality and environment.

Tropical Peatland Restoration in Indonesia by Replanting with Useful Indigenous Peat Swamp Species: Paludiculture

Abstract: This chapter identifies the key paludiculture (swamp cultivation) plant species from various commodity categories, including food (fruit, nuts, vegetables, beverages, spices, oils, and fats), medicines, other non-timber forest products (utensils, dyes, weaving, latex, resins, and so on), as well as a range of wood products such as species producing timber and pulp. 512 useful peat swamp plant species are recognized, including 81 species with a major economic use and 379 non-timber forest product species, representing a cornucopia of paludiculture options. However, although 380,000 ha of degraded peatland has been rewetted by mid-2018, less than 2000 ha has been converted for true paludiculture, i.e. with full rewetting and using peat swamp adapted species for economic benefit. While a range of technical challenges exist, the main reasons for not carrying out true paludiculture are a lack of examples to follow and a lack of information about paludiculture species (their performance, markets, growth, and so on).

Tropical trees: the potential for domestication and the rebuilding of forest resources. Proceedings of a Conference held at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, on 23-28 August 1992, as part of the IUFRO Centennial Year (1892-1992).

Abstract: The resource of useful tree species: identification of priorities for domestication Techniques to domesticate trees Regeneration of new forest resources Case studies Poster paper titles List of Conference participants.