V. Meyer

Bio: V. Meyer is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Intelligence quotient & Raven's Progressive Matrices. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 65 citations.

Cognitive Changes Following Temporal Lobectomy for Relief of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Abstract: Problem In a preliminary study by Meyer and Yates, 1 it was reported that after temporal lobectomy some intellectual changes take place and that evaluation of the effects of the operation requires a breakdown into dominant and nondominant groups. The present investigation is an attempt to confirm the tentative findings of the preliminary study on larger samples of dominant and nondominant patients, to define more closely the nature of deficits, and to assess long-term effects. Tests and Testing Procedures The three intelligence tests described in the preliminary study, i. e., the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, the Mill Hill Vocabulary Test, and Raven's Progressive Matrices, have been retained. Six new learning tests were designed in order to answer the problems concerning learning ability. The New Word Learning and Retention Test (NWLT) has also been retained, as it is the original test on which the deficit was detected. This test involves learning of

Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. A controlled investigation.

Abstract: UMMARY A controlled investigation comparing a population of 50 temporal lobe epileptics with psychotic episodes with 50 randomly selected temporal lobe epileptics who had never experienced psychotic disturbances, showed that: 1 temporal lobe epilepsy of the dominant hemisphere predisposes to psychotic manifestations; 2 epilepsy of the non-dominant temporal lobe is associated with manic-depressive, of the dominant temporal lobe with schizophrenic disturbances; 3 the presence of psychomotor seizures and frequent temporal fits are inversely correlated with psychosis, suggesting that such seizures and psychosis are antithetical manifestations of the same underlying disturbance of cerebral function: 4 epileptic psychoses are fundamentally related to the epileptic process rather than non-specific psychoses resulting from structural brain damage; 5 in epileptic psychoses periodicity is correlated with minimal chronicity with maximal brain damage. RESUME Une etude controlee comparant 50 epileptiques presentant une epilepsie du lobe temporal avec episodes psychotiques et 50 epileptiques pris au hasard presentant une epilepsie du lobe temporal mais n'ayant jamais presente de troubles psychotiques, a montre que: 1 l'epilepsie du lobe temporal de l'hemisphere dominant predispose aux manifestations psychotiques. 2 l'epilepsie du lobe temporal de l'hemisphere non dominant s'associe a des troubles maniaco-depressifs, celle du lobe temporal de l'hemisphere dominant a des troubles schizophreniques. 3 La presence de crises psycho-motrices et celle de crises temporales frequentes sont en correlation inverse avec les phenomenes psychotiques suggerant que les crises et les psychoses sont des manifestations antithesiques d'un meme dysfonctionnement cerebral. 4 Les psychoses epileptiques sont fondamentalement liees au processus epileptique alors que les psychoses non specifiques resultent d'une lesion organique cerebrale. 5 Les psychoses epileptiques periodiques sont en relation avec une atteinte cerebrale minime, alors que les psychoses epileptiques chroniques sont en relation avec une atteinte cerebrale severe.

A follow-up study of surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract: Since the pioneering work of Wilder Penfield (Penfield and Flanigin, 1950), of Morris (1950), and of Bailey and Gibbs (1951), the surgical possibilities of relieving intractable epilepsy originating in the temporal lobe have interested several neurosurgical centres. In 1955 our own group (Falconer, Hill, Meyer, Mitchell, and Pond) surveyed the literature and presented the results of operation in 30 consecutive patients who had been followed up for periods of from one to four years. A further report on 50 consecutive patients was made in 1958 (Falconer, Hill, Meyer, and Wilson, 1958). In the earlier paper 12 of the 30 patients were reported as apparently free of seizures and 14 others greatly benefited. All but one of these patients had also exhibited a psychiatric disorder pre-operatively, and 20 of these were improved, 17 markedly so. The published results of surgery from other centres at that time were also mentioned. However, it was stated that 'in pioneering any new form of therapy its sponsors must realize that several years must elapse before its merits can be accurately assessed'. We therefore now propose to give such an accounting, and to set out the results of surgery in 100 consecutive patients operated on and followed up for periods ranging from two to 10 years.1

Extent of medial temporal resection on outcome from anterior temporal lobectomy: a randomized prospective study

Abstract: WE REPORT A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial comparing seizure and neuropsychological outcomes from anterior temporal lobectomies between two groups of patients. One group (n = 34) underwent hippocampal resection posteriorly to the anterior edge of the cerebral peduncle (partial hippocampectomy). In the other group (n = 36), the hippocampus was removed further to the level of the superior colliculus (total hippocampectomy). The amount of lateral cortical resection was the same between groups. Patients were and neuropsychological morbidity. At 1 year postoperatively, the total hippocampectomy group had a statistically superior seizure outcome compared with the partial hippocampectomy group (69 versus 38% seizure-free), and examination of time to first seizure (survival analysis) revealed significantly superior outcomes associated with total hippocampectomy. There was no increased neuropsychological morbidity associated with the more extensive hippocampal resection.

Empirical techniques for determining the reliability, magnitude, and pattern of neuropsychological change after epilepsy surgery.

Abstract: Summary: Purpose: We assessed test-retest neuropsychological performance in patients with complex partial seizures to derive reliable change indices (RCIs) and regression-based norms for change, indices that may be helpful in assessing cognitive outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy. Methods: Forty patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) who did not undergo epilepsy surgery were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery on two. occasions. Their test-retest data were used to compute both RCIs and regression-based norms for change for each neuropsychological index. RCIs corrected for practice effects provide a confidence interval (CI) indicating the degree of performance change required to exceed the variability attributable to sources of error (e.g., practice, test-retest reliability). Regression-based norms for change also correct for several sources of measurement measurement error and examine observed versus expected test-retest changes on a common metric, thereby facilitating determination of the degree and relative magnitude of change across cognitive domains. Results: Mean changes in test-retest performance were generally modest, but were evident across several test measures. Our data indicate a considerable degree of individual variability in test-retest Performance. Conclusions: RCIs and regression-based norms are complementary indexes and can be particularly useful in examining the test-retest performance of individual patients who undergo epilepsy surgery as well as in the more general investigation of cognitive outcome after epilepsy surgery.

Relationship of age at onset, chronologic age, and adequacy of preoperative performance to verbal memory change after anterior temporal lobectomy.

Abstract: Summary We examined the relationship of age of onset of epilepsy, chronological age at time of operation, and adequacy of preoperative memory performance to pre- to postoperative verbal memory decline. Patients who underwent left (n = 50) or right (n = 51) anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) were administered tests of verbal episodic (list learning, paragraph recall) and semantic memory (visual naming, vocabulary), both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. As a group, left ATL patients showed the classic selective decrease on measures of episodic but not semantic memory. However, examination of episodic memory outcome showed considerable individual variability. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that both later age at onset and older chronologic age were significant and selective predictors of episodic memory decrease for left ATL patients. Adequacy of preoperative memory performance was a nonspecific predictor, associated with decrease in postoperative memory performance for both left and right ATL patients and for multiple types of memory indices. The clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.