Technical foundations introduction software reliability and system reliability the operational profile software reliability modelling survey model evaluation and recalibration techniques practices and experiences best current practice of SRE software reliability measurement experience measurement-based analysis of software reliability software fault and failure classification techniques trend analysis in validation and maintenance software reliability and field data analysis software reliability process assessment emerging techniques software reliability prediction metrics software reliability and testing fault-tolerant SRE software reliability using fault trees software reliability process simulation neural networks and software reliability. Appendices: software reliability tools software failure data set repository.

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Handbook of software reliability engineering

A survey

As opposed to the decentralized control logic underpinning the devising of the Internet as a complex bundle of box-centric protocols and vertically integrated solutions, the software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm advocates the separation of the control logic from hardware and its centralization in software-based controllers. These key tenets offer new opportunities to introduce innovative applications and incorporate automatic and adaptive control aspects, thereby, easing network management and guaranteeing the user’s quality of experience. Despite the excitement, SDN adoption raises many challenges including the scalability and reliability issues of centralized designs that can be addressed with the physical decentralization of the control plane. However, such physically distributed, but logically centralized systems bring an additional set of challenges. This paper presents a survey on SDN with a special focus on the distributed SDN control. Besides reviewing the SDN concept and studying the SDN architecture as compared to the classical one, the main contribution of this survey is a detailed analysis of state-of-the-art distributed SDN controller platforms which assesses their advantages and drawbacks and classifies them in novel ways (physical and logical classifications) in order to provide useful guidelines for SDN research and deployment initiatives. A thorough discussion on the major challenges of distributed SDN control is also provided along with some insights into emerging and future trends in that area.

Distributed SDN Control: Survey, Taxonomy, and Challenges

Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for making the control of communication networks flexible. SDN separates the data packet forwarding plane, i.e., the data plane, from the control plane and employs a central controller. Network virtualization allows the flexible sharing of physical networking resources by multiple users (tenants). Each tenant runs its own applications over its virtual network, i.e., its slice of the actual physical network. The virtualization of SDN networks promises to allow networks to leverage the combined benefits of SDN networking and network virtualization and has therefore attracted significant research attention in recent years. A critical component for virtualizing SDN networks is an SDN hypervisor that abstracts the underlying physical SDN network into multiple logically isolated virtual SDN networks (vSDNs), each with its own controller. We comprehensively survey hypervisors for SDN networks in this paper. We categorize the SDN hypervisors according to their architecture into centralized and distributed hypervisors. We furthermore sub-classify the hypervisors according to their execution platform into hypervisors running exclusively on general-purpose compute platforms, or on a combination of general-purpose compute platforms with general- or special-purpose network elements. We exhaustively compare the network attribute abstraction and isolation features of the existing SDN hypervisors. As part of the future research agenda, we outline the development of a performance evaluation framework for SDN hypervisors.

Survey on Network Virtualization Hypervisors for Software Defined Networking

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks have become a weapon of choice for hackers, cyber extortionists, and cyber terrorists. These attacks can swiftly incapacitate a victim, causing huge revenue losses. Despite the large number of traditional mitigation solutions that exists today, DDoS attacks continue to grow in frequency, volume, and severity. This calls for a new network paradigm to address the requirements of today’s challenging security threats. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm which has gained significant traction by many researchers to address the requirement of today’s data centers. Inspired by the capabilities of SDN, we present a comprehensive survey of existing SDN-based DDoS attack detection and mitigation solutions. We classify solutions based on DDoS attack detection techniques and identify requirements of an effective solution. Based on our findings, we propose a novel framework for detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks in a large-scale network which comprises a smart city built on SDN infrastructure. Our proposed framework is capable of meeting application-specific DDoS attack detection and mitigation requirements. The primary contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we provide an in-depth survey and discussion of SDN-based DDoS attack detection and mitigation mechanisms, and we classify them with respect to the detection techniques. Second, leveraging the characteristics of SDN for network security, we propose and present an SDN-based proactive DDoS Defense Framework (ProDefense). We show how this framework can be utilized to secure applications built for smart cities. Moreover, the paper highlights open research challenges, future research directions, and recommendations related to SDN-based DDoS detection and mitigation.

DDoS Attack Detection and Mitigation Using SDN: Methods, Practices, and Solutions

This paper presents an independent comprehensive analysis of the efficiency indexes of popular open source SDN/OpenFlow controllers (NOX, POX, Beacon, Floodlight, MuL, Maestro, Ryu). The analysed indexes include performance, scalability, reliability, and security. For testing purposes we developed the new framework called hcprobe. The test bed and the methodology we used are discussed in detail so that everyone could reproduce our experiments. The result of the evaluation show that modern SDN/OpenFlow controllers are not ready to be used in production and have to be improved in order to increase all above mentioned characteristics.

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Advanced study of SDN/OpenFlow controllers

In SDN network based on OpenFlow a controller performs logically centralized control of enterprise network infrastructure, network policies, and data flows. At the same time the controller is a single point of failure which can cause a very serious problem (e.g. network outage) for network reliability and production use cases. To address this problem, we consider different active/standby strategies to provide a controller failover in case of controller failure. We propose a high-available controller (HAC) architecture, which allows to deploy a high-availability control plane for enterprise networks. We develop a HAC prototype to demonstrate the efficiency of our solution and also describe initial experimental results.

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Controller failover for SDN enterprise networks

In this paper, the reliability allocation problem (RAP) for real-time avionics systems (RTAS) is considered. The proposed method for solving this problem consists of two steps: (i ) creation of an RTAS simulation model at the necessary level of abstraction and (ii ) application of metaheuristic algorithm to find an optimal solution (i. e., to choose an optimal set of fault tolerance techniques). When during the algorithm execution it is necessary to measure the execution time of some software components, the simulation modeling is applied. The procedure of simulation modeling also consists of the following steps: automatic construction of simulation model of the RTAS configuration and running this model in a simulation environment to measure the required time. This method was implemented as an experimental software tool. The tool works in cooperation with DYANA simulation environment. The results of experiments with the implemented method are presented. Finally, future plans for development of the presented method and tool are briefly described.

Simulation Modeling Based Method For Choosing An Effective Set Of Fault Tolerance Techniques For Real-Time Avionics Systems

Simulation Modeling Based Method For Choosing An Optimal Set Of Fault Tolerance Techniques For Real-Time Systems

In this paper we present DYANA, an HLA-based hardware-in-the-loop simulation tool. This tool is used for distributed Real-Time Embedded Systems (RTES) simulation. RTES models are described by Unified Modeling Language (UML) statechart diagrams. The statechart diagram is transformed into HLA-based Simulation Model (HSM). After translation into HSM we use CERTI as the simulation runtime. The statechart diagram is also transformed into a Network of Timed Automata (NTA). After translation into NTA we use UPPAAL for RTES model verification.

V.N. Pashkov

Papers

Advanced study of SDN/OpenFlow controllers

Controller failover for SDN enterprise networks

Simulation Modeling Based Method For Choosing An Effective Set Of Fault Tolerance Techniques For Real-Time Avionics Systems

Simulation Modeling Based Method For Choosing An Optimal Set Of Fault Tolerance Techniques For Real-Time Systems

DYANA: HLA-based distributed real-time embedded systems simulation tool