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Vahid Noaman

Bio: Vahid Noaman is an academic researcher from Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Anaplasma & Dairy cattle. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 38 publications receiving 371 citations. Previous affiliations of Vahid Noaman include University of Tehran & Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center.

Papers
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Journal Article
TL;DR: The results revealed that the traditional Giemsa staining method is not applicable for the determination of the persistently infected cattle and showed that the carrier animals must be widespread in the Anaplasma endemic areas in Iran.
Abstract: Background: Anaplasmosis belongs to the complex of several tick-borne diseases and can cause diseases in the livestock with high economical losses. Cattle that recover from acute infection become carriers and the parasite can persist most probably for the lifetime in the blood. The aim of the present study was the determination of the persistently infected cattle in a region of Iran with the previous history of acute anaplasmosis. Methods: One hundred and fifty blood samples and corresponding blood smears of cattle without any signs of diseases were prepared from a region in Isfahan/ Iran with the previous history of acute anaplasmosis from March 2007 to July 2007 for cross sectional study of carriers of Anaplasma . The blood smears were first screened by Giemsa staining, the extracted DNA from blood cells were analyzed by Anaplasma marginale specific nested PCR, and PCR-RFLP using primers derived from 16S rRNA gene and restriction endonuclease Bst1107 I. Results : Anaplasma like structures could be identified in the limited amount of erythrocytes of 75 blood smears. In these samples, the percentage of erythrocytes harboring Anaplasma like structures varied from 10 -3 % to 10 -2 %. Nested-PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis showed 58 A. marginale positive cases within 75 Anaplasma suspected blood samples. In 150 total blood samples, 50% were A. marinale positive. Conclusion: Our results revealed that the traditional Giemsa staining method is not applicable for the determination of the persistently infected cattle. In addition, the results showed that the carrier animals must be widespread in the Anaplasma endemic areas in Iran.

36 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The present study showed that A. phagocytophilum is detectable in cattle without any sign of infection but maintained a persistant sub-clinical state in the cattle reservoir, which can be inferred as possible risk for management of public health.
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic, tick borne rickettsial pathogen. A. phagocytophilum has been detected in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia by molecular methods. In Iran we have little information about the distribution of this agent in human and animals. Materials and Methods: From March 2007 to July 2007, one hundred and fifty blood samples and corresponding blood smears of cattle without any signs of disease were prepared from a region in Isfahan, Iran with previous history of tick borne disease outbreak.The blood smears were first stained with Giemsa and analyzed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum in the neutrophils. The extracted DNA from blood cells were analyzed by A. phagocytophilum specific nested PCR using primers derived from the 16S rRNA gene. Results: All blood smears were negative for A. phagocytophilum like structures by Giemsa staining, but 2 out of 150 blood samples (1.33%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum specific nested PCR using specific primers derived from 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion: This study is the first detection of A. phagocytophilum in carrier cattle in Iran. The present study showed that A. Phagocytophilum is detectable in cattle without any sign of infection but maintained a persistant sub-clinical state in the cattle reservoir, which can be inferred as possible risk for management of public health.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that infections of bovine respiratory viruses are very common in cattle in Esfahan province and seroprevalences of BRSV, BoHV-1, PI3V, BVDV, and BAV-3 were 51.1%, 72.4%, 49.2%, and 55.6%, respectively.
Abstract: Respiratory diseases in calves are responsible for major economic losses in both beef and dairy production. Several viruses, such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPI-3V), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine adenoviruses (BAV), are detected in most clinical cases with respiratory signs. The aim of this study is to define seroprevalences of five major viral causes of bovine respiratory infections in cattle in central region of Iran (Esfahan province). The population targeted was 642 dairy cows (Holstein–Friesian) from 25 farms. Samples of blood serum from female cattle were examined. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA kits to detect antibody against BRSV, BoHV-1, BPI-3V, BVDV, and BAV-3. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test. In the present study, seroprevalences of BRSV, BoHV-1, PI3V, BVDV, and BAV-3 were 51.1%, 72%, 84.4%, 49.2%, and 55.6%, respectively. The present study shows that infections of bovine respiratory viruses are very common in cattle in Esfahan.

29 citations

01 Sep 2010
TL;DR: Cattle blood samples from central part of Iran were collected and the presence of A. bovis was examined using light microscopic detection and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) based on 16S rRNA gene.
Abstract: Anaplasma bovis is a leukocytotropic agent of bovine anaplasmosis and there is no available information about molecular study on this agent in cattle of Iran. In this study a total 150 cattle blood samples were collected from central part of Iran. The presence of A. bovis examined using light microscopic detection and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) based on 16S rRNA gene. Of the 150 cattle, 4 (2.66 %) was positive for A. bovis by nested-PCR.

28 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results showed that the microscopic examination remains the convenient technique for day-to-day diagnosis of clinical cases in the laboratory but for the detection of carrier animal with low bacteremia, microscopy with 100 fields is preferable to Microscopy with 50 fields and molecular methods such as PCR-RFLP can be used as a safe method for identifying cattle persistently infected with A. marginale.
Abstract: Background and Objectives : In Iran, anaplasmosis is normally diagnosed with traditional Giemsa staining method. This is not applicable for identification of the carrier animals. The aim of this study was to compare the detection of Anaplasma marginale in two different numbers of microscopic fields (50 and 100) using conventional Giemsa staining method compared with the PCR-RFLP technique. Materials and Methods : In this study, examinations were performed on 150 blood samples from cattle without clinical signs. Sensitivity and specificity of two microscopic fields (50 and 100 fields) were compared with A. marginale specific PCR-RFLP. The degree of agreement between PCR-RFLP and the two microscopic tests was determined by Kappa (κ) values with 95% confidence intervals. Results : PCR-RFLP showed that 58 samples were A. marginale, while routine microscopy showed erythrocytes harboring Anaplasma like structures in 16 and 75 blood samples determined in 50 and 100 microscopic fields respectively. Examination of 50 and 100 microscopic fields showed 25.8% and 91.4% sensitivity and 99% and 76.1% specificity compared to 100% sensitivity and specificity by PCR-RFLP. The Kappa coefficient between PCR-RFLP and Microscopy (50 fields) indicated a fair level of agreement (0.29). The Kappa coefficient between PCR-RFLP and Microscopy (100 fields) indicated a good level of agreement (0.64) Conclusion : Our results showed that the microscopic examination remains the convenient technique for day-to-day diagnosis of clinical cases in the laboratory but for the detection of carrier animal with low bacteremia, microscopy with 100 fields is preferable to Microscopy with 50 fields and molecular methods such as PCR-RFLP can be used as a safe method for identifying cattle persistently infected with A. marginale.

26 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the first time, it is demonstrated that SiNPs induced cardiac dysfunction via the neutrophil-mediated cardiac inflammation and cardiac contraction in zebrafish embryos.
Abstract: The toxicity mechanism of nanoparticles on vertebrate cardiovascular system is still unclear, especially on the low-level exposure. This study was to explore the toxic effect and mechanisms of low-dose exposure of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on cardiac function in zebrafish embryos via the intravenous microinjection. The dosage of SiNPs was based on the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of malformation assessment in zebrafish embryos. The mainly cardiac toxicity phenotypes induced by SiNPs were pericardial edema and bradycardia but had no effect on atrioventricular block. Using o-Dianisidine for erythrocyte staining, the cardiac output of zebrafish embryos was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Microarray analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen the differential expression genes and possible pathway involved in cardiac function. SiNPs induced whole-embryo oxidative stress and neutrophil-mediated cardiac inflammation in Tg(mpo:GFP) zebrafish. Inflammatory cells were observed in atrium of SiNPs-treated zebrafish heart by histopathological examination. In addition, the expression of TNNT2 protein, a cardiac contraction marker in heart tissue had been down-regulated compared to control group using immunohistochemistry. Confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot assays, results showed that SiNPs inhibited the calcium signaling pathway and cardiac muscle contraction via the down-regulated of related genes, such as ATPase-related genes (atp2a1l, atp1b2b, atp1a3b), calcium channel-related genes (cacna1ab, cacna1da) and the regulatory gene tnnc1a for cardiac troponin C. Moreover, the protein level of TNNT2 was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. For the first time, our results demonstrated that SiNPs induced cardiac dysfunction via the neutrophil-mediated cardiac inflammation and cardiac contraction in zebrafish embryos.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors and genetic diversity of Anaplasma species and related strains infecting animals and/or their incriminated tick vectors in North Africa.

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of a comprehensive, quantitative metabolomic characterization of six bovine biofluids and tissues, including serum, ruminal fluid, liver, Longissimus thoracis muscle, semimembranosus muscle, and testis tissues, are described.
Abstract: From an animal health perspective, relatively little is known about the typical or healthy ranges of concentrations for many metabolites in bovine biofluids and tissues. Here, we describe the results of a comprehensive, quantitative metabolomic characterization of six bovine biofluids and tissues, including serum, ruminal fluid, liver, Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle, and testis tissues. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we were able to identify and quantify more than 145 metabolites in each of these biofluids/tissues. Combining these results with previous work done by our team on other bovine biofluids, as well as previously published literature values for other bovine tissues and biofluids, we were able to generate quantitative reference concentration data for 2100 unique metabolites across five different bovine biofluids and seven different tissues. These experimental data were combined with computer-aided, genome-scale metabolite inference techniques to add another 48,628 unique metabolites that are biochemically expected to be in bovine tissues or biofluids. Altogether, 51,801 unique metabolites were identified in this study. Detailed information on these 51,801 unique metabolites has been placed in a publicly available database called the Bovine Metabolome Database.

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the current state of nanoparticle use as a poultry feed supplement can be found in this paper, where the authors review the successes and pitfalls of nano-feed as reported by researchers across the world.
Abstract: The global poultry industry has greatly expanded due to an increase in demand for chicken meat and eggs. Growth of the industry was followed by growth in research which resulted in improved growth rate, feed efficiency, health status, and reduced carriage of pathogens. However, major research focus was improvement in productivity. It is possible to manipulate feed formulations to improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR), which results in a lower feed requirement to achieve market weight. Feed additives, containing vitamins and minerals, are commonly added to typical diets to support rapid growth and favourable FCR. Nanoparticles can be added to feed and provide an excellent platform to incorporate in various compounds, such as vaccines and nutrient supplements, due to large surface area to volume ratio and high absorption in the body. Nanoparticles can enable direct transportation of compounds to targeted organs or systems while avoiding fast degradability often seen with antibiotics and can encourage multiple health benefits. Silver, currently the most common nanoparticle investigated for use in chicken feed, has been shown to improve the microbiota of chickens. However, the positive results are tempered by the finding that silver nanoparticles have relatively high toxicity in birds. The question therefore arises as to whether other nanoparticle forms of essential metals and natural compounds can be safely delivered to provide positive impacts on health and productivity without the toxic side effects that can be seen with silver nanoparticles. Here, we review the current state of nanoparticle use as a poultry feed supplement - the successes and pitfalls of nano-feed as reported by researchers across the world.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Proper maintaining of the withdrawal period and development of active surveillance system are highly recommended for public health security.
Abstract: AIM The study was conducted to detection and determination of concentration or level of antibiotic residues in milk and egg of local and commercial farms at Chittagong during December 2011 to June 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 400 (200 milk and 200 egg) samples were collected from local and commercial dairy cows and local scavenging and commercial poultry farms, respectively. Microbial inhibition test and thin layer chromatography were used for screening and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was used to estimate the concentrations of antibiotic residues in samples. RESULTS Tetracycline, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin residues were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in commercial farms than local. The boiling insignificantly (p>0.05) reduced residues level in milk and egg. The average concentrations of amoxicillin residue in local milk, commercial milk, local egg, and commercial egg were 9.84 µg/ml, 56.16 µg/ml, 10.46 µg/g and 48.82 µg/g, respectively, in raw samples and were reduced to 9.81 µg/ml, 55.54 µg/ml, 10.29 µg/g, and 48.38 µg/g, respectively, after boiling. CONCLUSIONS Proper maintaining of the withdrawal period and development of active surveillance system are highly recommended for public health security.

61 citations