Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties

Freedom of design, mass customisation, waste minimisation and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping, are the main benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out. In particular, the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed. The current state of materials development, including metal alloys, polymer composites, ceramics and concrete, was presented. In addition, this paper discussed the main processing challenges with void formation, anisotropic behaviour, the limitation of computer design and layer-by-layer appearance. Overall, this paper gives an overview of 3D printing, including a survey on its benefits and drawbacks as a benchmark for future research and development.

Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges

Additive manufacturing of metals

Many traditional approaches for strengthening steels typically come at the expense of useful ductility, a dilemma known as strength-ductility trade-off. New metallurgical processing might offer the possibility of overcoming this. Here we report that austenitic 316L stainless steels additively manufactured via a laser powder-bed-fusion technique exhibit a combination of yield strength and tensile ductility that surpasses that of conventional 316L steels. High strength is attributed to solidification-enabled cellular structures, low-angle grain boundaries, and dislocations formed during manufacturing, while high uniform elongation correlates to a steady and progressive work-hardening mechanism regulated by a hierarchically heterogeneous microstructure, with length scales spanning nearly six orders of magnitude. In addition, solute segregation along cellular walls and low-angle grain boundaries can enhance dislocation pinning and promote twinning. This work demonstrates the potential of additive manufacturing to create alloys with unique microstructures and high performance for structural applications.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1443&context=ameslab_manuscripts

Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=mepubs

Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy: A review

Investigation of Aging Processes of Ti-6Al-4 V Powder Material in Laser Melting

https://tore.tuhh.de/bitstream/11420/2013/1/1-s2.0-S1875389211001271-main-1.pdf

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Modified Implant Surfaces with Osseointegrative Characteristics

Low Coherence Interferometry in Selective Laser Melting

The technology of laser beam melting (LBM) has lately become a true option for series production of functional end products. Metallic materials such as steel, aluminum, and titanium alloys may be processed to fully dense parts with mechanical properties meeting or even exceeding their conventionally manufactured counterparts. However, the use of LBM for industrial applications also requires reliable quality assurance methods along the entire process chain. Besides monitoring and controlling the LBM process itself, this implicates a thorough understanding of the relationship between the powder feedstock characteristics and the properties of the manufactured parts. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how the characteristics of different Ti–6Al–4V powder feedstocks influence the usual quality criteria of parts. Typical characteristics of virgin powders from three different manufacturing routes, namely gas atomization, plasma atomization, and induction plasma spheroidization, are studied. Besides the ...

Vanessa Seyda

Papers

Additive manufacturing of metals

Investigation of Aging Processes of Ti-6Al-4 V Powder Material in Laser Melting

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Modified Implant Surfaces with Osseointegrative Characteristics

Low Coherence Interferometry in Selective Laser Melting

Relationship between powder characteristics and part properties in laser beam melting of Ti–6Al–4V, and implications on quality